hypermagnesemia.pptx12354789IYTREWASDXVCBNMKLO

Medicine

1. Dr.Methaq A.M. Hussein MRCP (LONDON),,SCE endocrine( london ),F.I.B.M.S ASSIST. Professor

2. Hypermagnesemia refers to an excess amount of magnesium in the bloodstream. It is rare and is usually caused by renal failure or poor kidney function .

3. Causes Most cases of hypermagnesemia occur in people who have kidney failure.. Some treatments for chronic kidney disease, including proton pump inhibitors, can increase the risk of hypermagnesemia . Malnourishment and alcoholism are additional risk factors in people with chronic kidney disease. .Other causes of hypermagnesemia include: lithium therapy hypothyroidism Addison’s disease milk-alkali syndrome drugs containing magnesium, such as some laxatives and antacidsf familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia

4. Symptoms The symptoms of hypermagnesemia include:nausea vomiting neurological impairment abnormally low blood pressure (hypotension) flushing headache Particularly high levels of magnesium in the blood can lead to heart problems, difficulty breathing, and shock. In severe cases, it can result in coma.

5. Diagnosis. Hypermagnesemia is diagnosed using a blood test. The level of magnesium found in the blood indicates the severity of the condition.A normal level of magnesium is between 1.7 and 2.3 mg/ dL . Anything above this and up to around 7 mg/ dL can cause mild symptoms, including flushing, nausea, and headache.Magnesium levels between 7 and 12 mg/ dL can impact the heart and lungs, and levels in the upper end of this range may cause extreme fatigue and low blood pressure.Levels above 12 mg/ dL can lead to muscle paralysis and hyperventilation. When levels are above 15.6 mg/ dL , the condition may result in a coma.

6. Treatment The first step in treating hypermagnesemia is identifying and stopping the source of extra magnesium. An intravenous (IV) calcium supply is then used to reduce symptoms such as impaired breathing, irregular heartbeat, and hypotension, as well as the neurological impact.Intravenous calcium, diuretics, or water pills may also be used to help the body get rid of excess magnesium.People with renal dysfunction or those who have had a severe magnesium overdose may require dialysis if they are experiencing kidney failure, or if magnesium levels are still rising after treatment.