Hyperparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism is medical condition where overactivity of one or more of the body's four parathyroid glands leads to excess of parathyroid hormone in the bloodstream.

1. Hyperparathyroidism

2. Hyperparathyroidism Hyperparathyroidism is a medical condition where overactivity of one or more of the body's four parathyroid glands leads to excess of parathyroid hormone in the bloodstream. The parathyroid glands are responsible for  parathyroid hormone which maintains a proper balance of calcium in the bloodstream and in tissues that depend on calcium for proper functioning.  There are two types of hyperparathyroidism, primary and secondary. In primary hyperparathyroidism, an enlargement of one or more of the  parathyroid glands  leads to excess production of the hormone, resulting in increased levels of calcium in the blood, which can cause several health conditions. Secondary hyperparathyroidism occurs as a result of another disease that primarily causes  low levels of calcium  in the body.

3. Causes of hyperparathyroidism Hyperparathyroidism is the result of increase in production of parathyroid hormone. The disorder may occur because of a problem with the parathyroid glands themselves or because of an underlying medical condition that affects the glands' function.  Primary hyperparathyroidism When there is a problem with one of the four parathyroid glands, it leads to primary hyperparathyroidism : A benign growth on a gland is the most common cause Enlargement of two or more parathyroid glands accounts for most other cases A malignant tumor is an uncommon cause of primary hyperparathyroidism

4. Causes of hyperparathyroidism Secondary hyperparathyroidism Secondary hyperparathyroidism occurs due to another health condition that lessens calcium levels. Therefore, your parathyroid glands work overtime to compensate for the loss of calcium. Reasons behind secondary hyperparathyroidism include:  When your body is unable to absorb the calcium from your  diet , it may lead to  calcium deficiency . Your body’s calcium levels may drop when you  don’t get enough vitamin D because of less exposure to sunlight. When your  kidneys malfunction , they may not be able to use vitamin D properly. Hence, it leads to  drop in calcium levels . Continue:

5. Symptoms Hyperparathyroidism is usually diagnosed before any symptoms of the disorder are visible. When symptoms appear, they're the result of dysfunction in other organs or tissues because of high  calcium  levels in the blood and urine or very less calcium in bones.  Symptoms of hyperparathyroidism may be so gentle or severe that they don't seem at all related to parathyroid function. Some of the common symptoms include : Fragile bones that easily fracture Kidney stones Excessive urination Abdominal pain Tiring easily or weakness

6. Symptoms Depression  or forgetfulness Bone and joint pain Frequent complaints of illness with no apparent cause Nausea, vomiting or loss of appetite Continue:

7. Treatments Surgery:  Surgery  is the most common form of treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism and has a high success rate. A surgeon will remove only those glands that have a tumor. If all four glands are affected, a surgeon will likely remove only three glands and a portion of the fourth, leaving some functioning parathyroid tissue. Calcimimetic medicine: It is a drug that imitates calcium circulating in the blood. The drug prompts the parathyroid glands into releasing less parathyroid hormone. Some doctors prescribe Calcimimetics when surgery has given a negative response. Hormone replacement therapy: For women who have signs of  osteoporosis  or who have undergone menopause,  hormone replacement therapy  is the perfect option. But this treatment doesn't address the main problem associated with the parathyroid glands.

8. Treatments Bisphosphonates :  Bisphosphonates also prevent the loss of calcium from bones and may reduce osteoporosis caused by hyperparathyroidism. It's important to get an accurate diagnosis and suitable treatment for hyperparathyroidism because if left unattended, it can lead to serious complications. Continue:

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