Hyperthermia (High fever) in Nursing.pptx

Hyperthermia, High Fever, fever,typically greater than 39°, increased body temperature , B pharm, D pharm, ANM, gnm, BS.c nursing, paramedical course. body temperature, bukhar, malaria , dengue, thermometer.



Hyperthermia (or fever) is a condition when a disruption in thermoregulation occurs as body generates or absorbs more heat than it can expel, causing increased body temperature.

1. HYPERTHERMIA HIGH FEVER By- Mr. Shubham Kumar

2. DEFINITION Hyperthermia (or fever ) is a condition when a disruption in thermoregulation occurs as body generates or absorbs more heat than it can expel, causing increased body temperature. It is a core temperature that is maintained above the range of normal, typically greater than 39°C (102.2°F). These elevations can be minor to extreme, and body temperatures of more than 40°C (104°F) can be fatal.

3. CAUSES Overheating from incubators, radiant warmers, or ambient environmental temperature Maternal fever Maternal epidural anaesthesia Phototherapy lights and/or sunlight Excessive bundling or swaddling Infection CNS disorders (such as, asphyxia) Dehydration

4. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Infants who are hypothermic display the following symptoms: Touching them feels cold. They eat poorly, are hypotonic, and have a weak cry. Their tongue and cheeks are pink, while their hands and feet are pale or blue. Sclerema or peripheral oedema gives the skin a plastic or woody feeling. Symptoms indicate respiratory distress, such as shallow, sluggish breathing. Bleeding from nose, mouth, or punctures from needles. Massive pulmonary haemorrhage is a common cause of death for hypothermic babies .

5. PREVENTION All newborns who have a tendency to get warm or lose much heat (i.e., are at high risk of hypothermia) should be identified. Energy (calories) should be provided orally via nasogastric tube or intravenously to new- borns who have minimal brown and white fat at birth. Infants receive energy needed to produce heat when breast milk or milk formula is fed at an early age. This reduces the chances of hypothermia. Warmer surroundings should be provided to infants that are smaller. The majority of babies under 1800 gm require some sort of warming.

6. Kangaroo mother care (skin-to-skin contact) should be given whenever possible. The infant should never be placed in a cold incubator. The incubator ports should be closed. X-ray cassette should always be wrapped in a towel before use. Oxygen provided should be warm and humid. Nursing of baby should never be done close to a cold window. The nursery should have curtains. Infants who are small or sick should not be bathed. Infant should be properly dressed. Since the newborn’s head loses a lot of heat by radiation as the scalp has a huge surface area, the brain generates a lot of heat, and there is not much hair for insulation, head should be kept covered with a woolen cap. If the newborn is using unwarmed headbox oxygen, a woolen cap is especially necessary. The majority of babies in incubators should wear a wool cap. All new- borns who are wet should be dried right away before being wrapped with another warm, dry towel. The baby should never be left wrapped in a wet towel. Baby’s head should be dried. New- borns with any infections and hypoxia should be treated .

7. MANAGEMENT The infant should be warmed in a warm environment, such as a closed incubator, an overhead radiant heater, or a room that is already warm. A cold infant can be warmed up quickly and effectively by receiving skin-to-skin therapy. Until the skin temperature returns to normal, the incubator temperature should be set at 37°C. Hypothermia can also be treated with warm water (37°C). Infant should be provided with energy while being warmed. Warming may result in hypoglycaemia . Oral or nasogastric milk as well as IV maintenance fluids containing 10% dextrose water (such as Neonatalyte ) should be used to provide energy. Oxygen should be provided. Cold infants frequently have hypoxia despite being centrally pink. Therefore, while the baby is being warmed, 30% oxygen (FiO2) should be administered. As oxygen is trapped in the RBCs in a cold newborn, a normal oxygen saturation does not rule out tissue hypoxia.

8. 4 % Sodium bicarbonate should be provided. Most new- borns with hypothermia develop metabolic acidosis. If IV fluid is administered, 10 ml of 4% sodium bicarbonate should be mixed with 100 ml Neonatalyte maintenance fluid. A blood gas analysis should be obtained, and any base deficits should be partially corrected. The infant’s temperature, pulse, breathing, skin colour , and blood glucose concentration should be observed and recorded until they are normal and stable. Parenteral antibiotics should be given if any symptoms of infection appear.

9. THANKYOU