Hypokalemia presentation cause and treatment

Hypokalemia

1. H y p o k a l emia

2. H y p o k a lemia S e r u m potassium v a l u e l e s s t h a n 3 . 5 m e q C a u s e s : D i a r r hea P y l o r i c s t e n o s i s R e n a l t u b u l a r a c i d o s i s I n s u l i n t h e r a p y B e t a a g o n i s t s I l i o s t o m y

3. C l i n i cal f eatures : Muscul a r h y p o tonia P a r a l y t ic i l e u s D e p r e s s ed r e f l e x e s s l u r r e d s p e e c h W e a k ness of r e s p i r a tory m u s c l e s C a r d i a c a r r h y t h m i as

4. ECG c h a n g e s in h y p o k alemia

5. T r e a tment of h y p o k alemia O r a l p o t a s s ium 2 g 6 t h h o u r l y U n d e r ECG monitoring i v k c l 4 m m o l / l g i v e n i n 5 . / . D e x t r o se M a x i mum d o s e p e r h o u r i s 2 m m o l / h

6. H y p e r k a l e m i a I t m a n i fests w h e n s e r u m k i s M o re t han 6 m e q C a u s e s : R a p i d i n f u s i on of k T r a n s f u sion of s t o r e d b l o o d D i a b e t ic k e t o a c i dosis T r a u m a , b u r n s A d r e n a l insufficiency Potassium s p a r i n g d i u r i t i c s

7. ECG c h a nges in h y p e r k a l emia

8. C l i nical f eatures : P a r a s t h e s i a , weakness S y n c o p e P a l p i tations

9. A p p r oach to h y p e r kalemia

10. T h a n k y ou