Hypothalamus slide share ppt introduction types educational ppt on hypothalamus

Hypothalamus slide share ppt

1. HYPOTHALAMUS
By:-Gopika(Bio-Tech Sem-II)

2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
LOCATION
PHYSIOLOGY
ANATOMY
HYPOTHALAMIC DISORDERS
FUNCTIONS

3. INTRODUCTION
HYPOTHALAMUS :thehypothalamusisanorgancentraltomany
autonomousfunctionsofthehumanbody,notablytheregulationof
homeostasis.
HOMEOSTATIS :Astateofbalanceamongallthebodysystems
neededforthebodytosurviveandfunctioncorrectly.
Itisanintegralpartofthecentralnervoussystemsregulates
processesoftheendocrinesystemregardedasanorganof
thelimbicsystem[thepartofthebraininvolvedinourbehavioral
andemotionalresponses].

4. LOCATION
Thistinylittlestructure(itonlyaccounts
forlessthan1%ofthebrain’sweight)is
locatedjustunderneaththethalamus,
abovethepituitarygland.
The part of brain present in the
posterior part of the forebrain
Connects the midbrain with the
cerebral hemisphere
And enclose the third ventricle
Hypothalamusisfoundunderneath
thethalamusandcomprisesthefloor
ofthirdventricleoneoffouropenspaces
inthebrainthroughwhichcerebrospinal
fluidflows.

5. PHYSIOLOGY
Thehypothalamuscontrolsbodytemperature,
hunger,thirstandcircadiancycles.Itis
thecontrolsystemwhichregulatesthe
pituitarygland,the'mastergland'of
thebody.
Thehypothalamusextendsdownward
fromthebrainintoastalkknownasthe
pituitarystalk,whichconnectsittothe
pituitarygland.
Thehypothalamushasthreemain
regionsanterior,medial,posterior.Each
onecontainsdifferentnuclei.Theseare
clustersofneuronsthatperformvital
functions,suchasreleasinghormones.
HORMONES OFHYPOTHALAMUS :
Tomaintainhomeostasis,thehypothalamusisresponsiblefor
creatingorcontrollingmanyhormonesinthebody.Thehypothalamus
workswiththepituitarygland,whichmakesandsendsother
importanthormonesaroundthebody.

6. ANATOMY
Anatomy of the hypothalamus
Thehypothalamusandpituitaryglandareconnectedbyboth
nervousandchemicalpathways.Theposteriorportionofthe
hypothalamus,calledthemedianeminence,containsthenerve
endingsofmanyneurosecretorycells,whichrundownthroughthe
infundibularstalkintothepituitarygland.Important
structuresadjacenttothemedianeminenceofthehypothalamus
includethemammillarybodies,thethirdventricle,andtheoptic
chiasm(apartofthevisualsystem).Abovethehypothalamusis
thethalamus.
Thehypothalamusalsodirectlyinfluencesgrowthhormones.It
commandsthepituitaryglandtoeitherincreaseordecreasetheir
presenceinthebody,whichisessentialforbothgrowingchildren
andfullydevelopedadults.

7. HYPOTHALAMIC DISORDERS
Hormones need to be secreted at accurate levels. Very high or
very low secretions can lead to hypothalamic disorders.
Hypothalamic disorders can be due to the following problems:
Head injuries
Genetic disorders
Tumoursin the hypothalamus
Disorders in eating
Brain surgeries
Autoimmune disorders

8. The symptoms that indicate a hypothalamic disorder include:
Body temperature fluctuations
Infertility
Unusuallyhigh orlow blood pressure
Insomnia
Change in appetite

9. Frequent urination
Delayed puberty
Overall, the hypothalamus is a small region present in the
centre of the brain, which plays a major role in signaling the Pituitary
Gland to release hormones to the rest of the endocrine system.
Overall, the hypothalamus is a small region present in the centre of the
brain, which plays a major role in signaling the Pituitary Gland to release
hormones to the rest of the endocrine system
.

10. FUNCTIONS OF HYPOTHALAMUS
Concerned mainly with homeostasis of the body
It regulates many vital functions of the body like endocrine
functions , visceral functions, metabolic activities , hunger,
thirst, sleep, wakefulness, emotion , sexual functions, etc
1. Secretion of posterior pituitary hormones
2. Control of anterior pituitary
3. Control of adrenal cortex
4. Control of adrenal medulla
5. Regulation of autonomic nervous system
6. Regulation of heart rate
7. Regulation of blood pressure
8. Regulation of body temperature
9. Regulation of hunger and food intake
10. Regulation of sleep and wakefulness

11. OTHERFUNCTIONS
Role in emotional and behavior changes
Regulation of sexual function
Role in response to smell
Role in circardianrhythm

12. THANK YOU