Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism
PRESENTED BY,
Mrs. Rijo Lijo
Lecturer

1. PRESENTED BY, Mrs. Rijo Lijo Lecturer HYPOTHYROIDISM

2. INTRODUCTION Hypothyroidism is a disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone . Congenital hypothyroidism results in a condition called cretinism.

3. INCIDENCE In India, a population-based study done in Cochin estimated the prevalence of hypothyroidism to be 3.9% In women, the prevalence rate was higher (11.4 %) whereas it was 6.2% in men.

4. ETIOLOGY Autoimmune disease. The most common cause of hypothyroidism is an autoimmune disorder known as Hashimoto's thyroiditis . Over response to hyperthyroidism treatment (Anti thyroid drugs). Thyroid surgery. Radiation therapy. Medications(Anti thyroid drugs ).

5. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

6. CLINICAL FEATURES

7. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION

8. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION History collection. Physical examination. Blood tests Diagnosis of hypothyroidism is based on symptoms and the results of blood tests that measure the level of TSH and sometimes the level of the thyroid hormone thyroxine. A low level of thyroxine and high level of TSH indicate an underactive thyroid.

9. MANAGEMENT MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Levothyroxine , thyroid hormone that influences the growth and maturation of tissues. It is involved in normal growth, metabolism, and development. Levothyroxine (LT4) is considered to be the drug of choice for clients with hypothyroidism.

10. Radio active iodine offers a more permanent option because it destroys thyroid tissue. Thyroid hormone replacement therapy : The goal of thyroid hormone treatment is to closely replicate normal thyroid functioning.

11. DIET FOR HYPOTHYROIDISM

12. FOODS TO AVOID millet: all varieties highly processed foods: hot dogs, cakes, cookies, etc. supplements: Adequate intakes of selenium and iodine are essential for thyroid health, but getting too much of either may cause harm. Only supplement with selenium and iodine if your healthcare provider has instructed you to do so.

13. NURSING MANAGEMENT Monitor vital signs. Monitor daily weight. Maintain intake and output chart. Observe for edema. Monitor the intake of iodine. Assist with self care activities.

14. If the patient is hyponatremia, hypersonic saline may be infused. Provide measures to promote heat. Encourage increased intake of fluid. Provide foods high in fiber. Monitor bowel function. Explain the necessity of long term follow up to the patient and family.

15. COMPLICATIONS Goiter. Heart problems. Peripheral neuropathy. Myxedema. Infertility . Birth defects.

16. EVIDENCE BASED RESEARCH A meta-analysis of randomized, placebo- controlled studies has shown benefits of selenium on both thyroid antibody titers and mood in Hashimoto's patients. In a study it is found out that soy foods, or isoflavones adversely affect thyroid function