hypothyroidism for MBBS first year students

Hypothyroidism is the condition resulting from insufficient synthesis of thyroid hormones.(T4;T3).
Congenital hypothyroidism: since birth if untreated results in CRETINISM.
Severe hypothyroidism if untreated results in Myxoedema due to deposition of mucopolysaccharides in the skin and other tissues
CLINICAL FEATURES:
CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM
Lethargy,
somnolence,
constipation,
poor feeding/ sucking,
cold to touch,
delayed dentition and mental retardation
�Signs:�
Dry, cool, mottled skin,
hoarse cry, coarse face,
broad flat nose,
large protruding tongue, puffy face.
Abdomen—Protuberant, umbilical hernia, hypotonia
Skull—Large posterior fontanelle.

1. HYPOTHYROIDISM

2. Hypothyroidism is the condition resulting from insufficient synthesis of thyroid hormones. (T4;T3). Congenital hypothyroidism: since birth if untreated results in CRETINISM. Severe hypothyroidism if untreated results in Myxoedema due to deposition of mucopolysaccharides in the skin and other tissues.

3. CLINICAL FEATURES: CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM Lethargy, somnolence, constipation, poor feeding/ sucking, cold to touch, delayed dentition and mental retardation

4. Signs : Dry, cool, mottled skin, hoarse cry, coarse face, broad flat nose, large protruding tongue, puffy face. Abdomen—Protuberant, umbilical hernia, hypotonia Skull—Large posterior fontanelle.

5. Juvenile Hypothyroidism : Short stature (upper segment more than the lower segment) Delayed dentition Poor performance at school Delayed sexual maturation Proximal myopathy (Hoffman’s syndrome adults)

6. ADULT HYPOTHYROIDISM :

7. Queen Anne sign :

8. WOLTZMAN’S SIGN:

9. INVESTIGATIONS :

10. TREATMENT : D aily replacement dose of LT4 is usually 1.6 μ g/kg body weight (typically 100–150 μ g), ideally taken at least 30 min before breakfast . Adult patients under 60 years old without evidence of heart disease may be started on 50–100 μ g of LT4 daily. The dose is adjusted on the basis of TSH levels, with the goal of treatment being a normal TSH. Adjustment of LT4 dosage is made in 12.5- or 25- μ g increments if the TSH is high; decrements of the same magnitude should be made if the TSH is suppressed.

11. THANK YOU