Hypothyroidism ppt by Aleena Mazhar.pptx

Hypothyroidism , Causes, Symptoms, Risk factors, Diagnosis, Complications, Treatment,Nursing Management,Nursing Diagnosis by Aleena Mazhar

1. Hypothyroidism By: Aleena Mazhar

2. Objectives: Review Anatomy & Physiology of Thyroid gland Define Hypothyroidism Define types of Hypothyroidism Explain pathophysiology of Hypothyroidism Explain causes of Hypothyroidism Enlist the symptoms of Hypothyroidism Enlist the risk factors of Hypothyroidism

3. Explain the Diagnostic criteria of Hypothyroidism Enlist the complications of Hypothyroidism Explain the treatment of Hypothyroidism Explain the Nursing Management of Hypothyroidism Explain the Nursing Diagnosis of Hypothyroidism

4. Anatomy of Thyroid gland : Thyroid gland is brownish-red gland Part of endocrine system Butterfly shape gland Divided into two lobes Connected by the isthmus

5. Physiology of Thyroid gland: Metabolism: The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolic rate. Growth and Development: Thyroid hormones are essential for growth and development, Heart Rate: The thyroid gland helps regulate heart rate and cardiac function. Nervous System: Thyroid hormones influence the development and function of the nervous system.

6. Hypothyroidism: Hypothyroidism is a medical condition where the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormones which are essential for various body functions.

7. Types of Hypothyroidism: Primary Hypothyroidism : This is the most common type of Hypothyroidism. It is result of a problem with the thyroid gland itself. Secondary Hypothyroidism: This type of Hypothyroidism occurs when the pituitary gland does not stimulate the thyroid gland enough.

8. Continue... Tertiary Hypothyroidism : This type of Hypothyroidism occurs when the hypothalamus does not stimulate the pituitary gland enough.

9. Pathophysiology Decreased thyroid Hormone production ↓ Increased Thyroid Stimulating Hormone levels ↓ Decrease metabolic rate ↓ Hormonal Imbalance ↓ Cellular and tissue effects

10. Causes of Hypothyroidism: Autoimmune disorders (e.g. Hashimoto’s thyroidits ) Radiation therapy or thyroid surgery. Radioactive iodine treatment. Thyroidits (Inflammation of thyroid gland) Pituitary gland problems. Medications (e.g. Lithium) Iodine deficiency

11. Symptoms of Hypothyroidism: Fatigue Weight gain Hair loss or thinning Dry skin Constipation Depression or anxiety Muscle weakness or pain Heavy or irregular menstrual Bradycardia Hypotension Decrease appetite

12. Risk Factors: Family history of thyroid disease History of type 1 diabetes History of autoimmune diseases Iodine deficiency Being female Over 60 years old History of infertility or fetal loss Having cellular disease Having rheumatoid arthritis

13. Diagnosis of Hypothyroidism: Medical History of patient Physical Examination Serum TSH level test Serum T3 and T4 test TRH stimulating test

14. Complications of Hypothyroidism: High cholesterol Heart problems Myxedema coma Goiter Infertility Birth defects Peripheral neuropathy

15. Treatment of Hypothyroidism: Hormones replacement therapy (Levothyroxine) to replace missing thyroid hormone. Regular monitoring of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) to adjust medication as needed. Life style modifications (e.g. Diet, Exercise)

16. Nursing Management of Hypothyroidism: Monitor vital signs including heart rate and rhythm. Administer thyroid replacement therapy (Levothyroxine Sodium) Instruct to take low calorie, low cholesterol and low saturated fat diet. Provide fluid to prevent constipation. Provide warm environment. Monitor for complications (e.g.Myxedema Coma)

17. Nursing Diagnosis: Fatigue related to decrease metabolic rate as evidenced by lack of energy. Constipation related to decrease gastrointestinal mobility as evidenced by slow down the digestive system. Impaired memory related to congtive changes as evidenced by lack of concentration. Risk for impaired body temperature related to decrease thyroid hormone.
Risk for injury related to dry skin.

18. Reference: Brunner & Suddarth’s, Text book of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 10 th Edition Youtube.com (Lecture by anaya channel) Google.com https://www.mayoclinic.org https://www.clevelandclinic.org