I c analysis

What is IC Analysis. LOOK AT BUSHRA'S PRESENTATION.

1. I C ANALYSIS BUSHRA AHMAD M.A. ELT I SEMESTER 16ETM05

2. WHAT IS IC ANALYSIS A tool in structural linguistics Immediate - Constituent Analysis A system of grammatical analysis Analyses sentence structure Introduced by Leonard Bloomfield in 1933 Further developed by Roulon Wells and Zellig Harris

3. DEFINITION IC Analysis is: a system of breaking down sentences into their smallest meaningful constituents for analysing their structure .

4. EXAMPLE: I am giving a presentation am giving a presentation I a m giving a presentation am giving a presentation (give + ing ) (present + ation )

5. FEATURES Idea– a sentence is a sequence of components Sentence – CONSTRUCTION I, am giving a presentation – IMMEDIATE CONSTITUENTS I, am, give + ing , a, present + ation – ULTIMATE CONSTITUENTS Order of elements is (usually) unchanged IC cuts are (usually) binary Isolates the constituents hierarchically

6. LABELLED IC ANALYSIS Formal Labelling On the basis of grammatical category/form Barking dogs seldom bite Noun Phrase barking dogs Verb Phrase seldom bite Adjective barking Noun dogs Adverb seldom Verb bite

7. Functional Labelling On the basis of the function of the constituents Structure of predication (Subject + Predicate) Structure of modification (Head + Modifier) Structure of complementation (Verbal + Complement) Structure of subordination (Subordinator + D ependent unit) Structure of co ordination (Independent unit + Coordinator + Independent unit)

8. My friend ate apples and oranges in the morning Subject My friend Predicate ate apples and oranges in the morning Head my Modifier friend Verbal ate Complement apples and oranges in the morning Head apples and oranges Modifier in the morning Independent unit apples Coordinator and Independent unit oranges Subordinator in Dependent unit the morning Modifier the Head morning

9. LIMITATIONS Constructional homonymy Ambiguous sentences Discontinuous expressions A method Simply describes, no theory A lot of exceptions

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