I. Systems definition and concepts. The Introduction. ppt

A System Is …
Simply stated, a system is an integrated composite of people,
products, and processes that provide a capability to satisfy a
stated need or objective.
Systems Engineering Is…
Systems engineering consists of two significant disciplines: the
technical knowledge domain in which the systems engineer
operates, and systems engineering management.
Systems engineering is not so much a branch of engineering as it is a technique for applying knowledge from other branches of engineering and disciplines of science in effective combination to solve a multifaceted engineering problem.

1. I. SYSTEMS
DEFINITION AND
CONCEPTS

2. SYSTEM ENGINEERING
A System Is …
Simply stated, a system is an integrated composite of people,
products, and processes that provide a capability to satisfy a
stated need or objective.
Systems Engineering Is…
Systems engineering consists of two significant disciplines: the
technical knowledge domain in which the systems engineer
operates, and systems engineering management.
Systems engineering is not so much a branch of engineering as it is a
technique for applying knowledge from other branches of engineering and
disciplines of science in effective combination to solve a multifaceted
engineering problem.
TEACH A COURSE 2

3. 3TEACH A COURSE
TYPES OF SYSTEMS
Engineers are responsible for defining, designing, and building systems. There are three types of
systems identified and defined in the INCOSE handbook:
➢Products and Product Systems
Examples of these systems include any household appliances, such as TV, radio systems.
➢Services and Service Systems
Any applications running on internet today are offered as services, for instance, online games. A service system
can be a gaming host that support players online.
➢Enterprises and Enterprise Systems
An example of enterprise systems is the software and hardware systems that are used in school as accounting
tools to manage school budget/spending and teachers’ salaries. Most of complex government projects are in this
category; examples are Space Station, GPS systems, etc.

4. 4TEACH A COURSE
ELEMENTS OF A SYSTEM
1.Outputs
2.Inputs
3.Processor
4.Control
5.Environment
6.Feedback
7.Boundaries and interface

5. 5TEACH A COURSE
ELEMENTS OF A SYSTEM
1.Outputs
A system must be capable of producing an output that must be of value to the user. Whatever be the nature of the
output (goods, services or information), it must be in accordance or inline with the user’s expectations. Output is the
outcome of processing.
2.Inputs
Inputs are the elements that enter the system for processing.
The essential characteristics of the input are:
a.Accuracy: If the input data is not accurate, the output will be inaccurate\wrong.
b.Proper Format: The input must be in a proper format.
c.Timeliness: If the data is not available at the time, the whole system may fail.
d.Economical: It is required that the data must be produced at a low cost.

6. 6TEACH A COURSE
ELEMENTS OF A SYSTEM
3.Processor
The processor is the operational component of a system. This involves the programs and the way in which data is
processed through the computer.
4.Control
This element is needed to control all the activities governing\concerning input, processing and producing the output.
The system is always guided by control.
For example, in an organization, management as a decision making body controls the flowing activities of the
organization:
Inflow
Handling
Outflow etc.

7. 7TEACH A COURSE
ELEMENTS OF A SYSTEM
5.Environment
It refers to the external elements that affect the system. It determines how a system must function.
For example, the environment consisting of vendors, competitors and others may influence the actual performance of
a business system.
Thus, a system must be capable enough to adjust to its environment. It should change according to the changing
environment.
6.Feedback
The information supplied by comparing results with standard and informing the control elements about the
differences is termed as “ Feedback”.

8. 8TEACH A COURSE
ELEMENTS OF A SYSTEM
6.Feedback
Feedback is a way to measure\compare output against a standard output. Feedback may be positive or
negative. Positive feedback reinforces the system performance. Negative feedback provides information for action.

9. 9TEACH A COURSE
ELEMENTS OF A SYSTEM
7.Boundaries and Interface
The limits of a system are specified by its boundaries. Every system has defined boundaries within
which it operates. It enables to know which elements lie or do not lie within the system.
The limits or boundaries of a system help to identify its components, processes, and interrelationships
when it interfaces with another system.

10. 10TEACH A COURSE
CLASSIFICATION OF SYSTEMS
Systems are classified into the following categories:
➢linear and Non-linear Systems
➢Time Variant and Time Invariant Systems
➢linear Time variant and linear Time invariant systems
➢Static and Dynamic Systems
➢Causal and Non-causal Systems
➢Invertible and Non-Invertible Systems
➢Stable and Unstable Systems

11. 11TEACH A COURSE
SYSTEMS LIFE CYCLE
The system lifecycle includes all phases of a system’s creation and existence that can be broken down to
different stages. The lifecycle permits division of a project into system conception, design and development,
production and/or construction, distribution, operation, maintenance and support, and retirement.

12. LIFE CYCLE MODELS AND PROCESSES
All the processes and models used within the system engineering Life Cycle are referred to as System
Engineering Life Cycle Models. A Life Cycle Model is often visualized with a graphical ‘Vee’ Model representation of
the processes and stages of a program development. Although there are overlapping stages and the processes
performed in each stage within the System Life Cycle illustrated in the previous section, the sequence of processes
depicted in the graphical ‘Vee’ model below are designed to provide a structured framework for completing the
design and verification of a system.
12TEACH A COURSE

13. THANK YOU!!!