ICBN BOTANY.pptx

INTERNATIONAL CODE OF BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE

1. INTERNATIONAL CODE OF BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY S.P.C. GOVT COLLEGE AJMER 2021-22 SUBMITTED BY SUBMITTED TO DINESH KUMAWAT DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

2. CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION History Subsequent Meeting of IBC Principles RULES OF ICBN Publication Author Citation Choice of names Aim of ICBN Reference

3. Introduction of ICBN The process of naming plants based on international rules proposed by botanists to ensure stable and universal system is called botanical nomenclature . It is an essential process to overcome the problems of common names . The ICBN is an agreement between botanists around the world to follow Binomial system of naming.

4. History Linnaeus used binomial Nomenclature for naming the new plant. He published book “Species Plantorum “ in 1753 A.P, De Candole in 1813 “ Theorie Elementaire de la Botanique” First international botanical congress held in P aris in 1867

5. Subsequent Meeting of IBC 1892 –Rochester code 1905 –Vienna code 1907 –American code 1910 –Lawrence 1930 –Cambridge congress 1983 – I.C.B.N. Sydney Australia 2011 - Melbourne Australia 2017 - Shenzhen China

6. Principles of ICBN Botanical nomenclature is not dependent of Zoological nomenclature and is different. The names of taxonomic groups are determined by nomenclatural types. The nomenclature of taxonomic group is based on priority of publication. Each taxonomic group with a particular position & rank can only hare first correct scientific name The names of taxonomic groups will be in Latin language only. Nomenclature rules is retroactive.

7. RULES OF ICBN RANKS OF TAXA :- A taxon is referred to as taxonomic group of any rank. Every individual plant belong to number of successive higher the species as the basic unit. Kingdom Division (phyta) Class (opsida) Order (ales) Family (aceae) Genus Species

8. Typification :- Holotype :- It is the particular specimen or material used by the author this always carried the name of the taxon which given by author . Isotype :- This is the duplicate of the holotype, i.e., from the same collection with the same locality, date and number as the holotype. Syntype :- When two or more then specimens are cited and no holotype was describe by author out of them any one specimens were designated simultaneously as the syntype type . Paratype:- It is a specimen given along with the holotype . Lectotype:- This is substitute of the holotype when that is lost and is to be selected form the type. Neotype :- When all Original material are missing a heotype is selected form other materials.

9. Publication Effective Publication – is publication which is accordance with the rules ( i.e. printed matters has to be distributed to the general public or at least to botanical institutions with libraries accessible to botanist generally ) Valid Publication – is a publication that is accordance with the rules I.e . • Have a latin diagnosis or description & • Give a clear indication of rank • Designate a type & its location • Publish in a scientific journal

10. Author Citation The name of a taxon ( unitary , binary or ternary ) is incomplete unless the name of the author or authors who first validly published the name , is cited along the name with it. This helps in verifying the dates of publication and in imparting precision in biological nomenclature. There are several rules for author citation. Single author :- e.g.- Solanum nigrum Linn Multiple authors :- Use of et e.g.- Pinus merkusi Jungh et Devr

11. Choice of names When the taxon rank is changed , for e.g. , species becomes a genus , the earliest legitimate name in its new rank is its correct name When two or more taxa of the same rank are united into one , e.g. two or more genera are united , the oldest legitimate name of these taxa should be retained as the name of the united taxon. When a genus or a species is divided into two or more genera or species , the original name of the genus or species must be retained When a species is transferred to another genus without the change of rank , the original name must be retained.

12. The aim of ICBN To provide stable method of nomenclature To avoid and reject the names which cause confusion. To avoid useless creation of names

13. Reference www.wikipedia.com www.google.com Taxonomy of Angiosperms By-A.V.S.S Sambamurty

14. Thank You