ICN- Author Citation, Rejection of Names and Hybrid Nomenclature of Plants

This Power point presentation intends to explore the basic idea of the rules of author citation in nomenclature.

1. PLANT TAXONOMY
Welcome to
Principles and Rules ( ICN): Author Citation, Rejection of
Names & Names of Hybrids
By
N. Sannigrahi, Associate Professor,
Deptt. Of Botany, Nistarini College,
Purulia
West Bengal, India

2. AUTHORCITATION
Theapplicationofthescientificnameirrespectiveofany
kindoflivingorganismsisuniversalinapplication.Each
scientificnameismostlycomprisingofthreeparts-the
genericname,thespecificepithetalongwiththenameof
authororauthorsdesignatedforthesame.Butdueto
differentreasons,theauthor/authorsnameassociated
withthescientificnamesubjectedexperiencesome
changesasdesignatedbytheinternationalauthorityof
thisnomenclature-ICBN.Thenameofataxon(Unitary,
binaryorternary)isincompleteunlessthenameofthe
authororauthorswhofirstvalidlypublishedthename,
iscitedalongwithit.Thishelpsinverifyingthedatesof
publicationandinimpartingprecisioninbiological
nomenclature.

3. AUTHOR CITATION RULES
AccordingtoICBN,thenameofataxonisincompleteunless
thenamesoftheauthororauthorswhofirstvalidlypublished
thename,iscitedalongwithit.Thishelpsinverifyingthe
datesofpublicationandinimpartingprecisioninbiological
nomenclatureThereareseveralrulesfollowedinthis
circumstances.
Usuallythenamesarecitedinabbreviationformsbutnever
underlinedortypesinitalics,e.g.1.VitexLinn.2.V.trifolia
Linn.3.V.trifoliavar.simplicifoliaCham.
Ifthenameoftheplantispublishedbytwoauthors,their
namesshouldbelinkedbymeansofet.Oranampersand(&).
Ifthetaxonisgardeninorigin,thenwhilecitingthenameit
shouldbeascribedtohort.(hortulanorum)andconnectedtothe
nameoftheauthorwhopublisheditbyanex,e.g.Geaneria
dwklariihort.ExHook.

4. AUTHOR CITATION
Foranametobecomplete,accurateandreadilyverifiable,it
shouldbeaccompaniedbythenameoftheauthororauthor
whofirstvalidlypublishedthename.Thenamesofauthorsare
commonlyabbreviated.e.g.MangiferaindicaL.(Lstandsfor
Linnaeus)
Singleauthor:-Thenameofasingleauthorfollowsthename
ofaspecies(oranyothertaxon)whenasingleauthorproposed
anewname.e.g.SolanumnigrumLinn.
Multipleauthors:-1.Useofet:-whentwoormoreauthor
jointlypublishedthenameofanewspeciestheirnameare
linkedbyet.e.g.DelphiniumviscosumHook.f.EtThomson.
Theauthornamealongwiththescientificnamemakeit
scientificallycorrect.

5. AUTHOR CITATION
Useofparenthesis:-whenthenameofataxonisbasedbasionym,
thenameoftheauthorofbasionymisplacedwithinparenthesisand
theauthorwhomadethename,isplacedoutsidetheparenthesis.e.g.
Cynodondactylon(Linn)Pers
Useofex:-whenaauthorhadproposedanamebutwasvalidly
publishedbyanotherauthor,thewordexshouldbeusedas
connectinglinkbetweenthenameofauthors.e.g.Cerasuscornuta
wall.ExRoyle
Useofin:-Thenamesofauthorarelinkedusinginwhenaauthor
publishedanameinapublicationofanotherauthor.e.g.Carex
kashmirensisClarkeinHook.F.
Useofemend:-Thenamesoftwoauthorsarelinkedusingemend
whenthesecondauthormakessomechangeinthediagnosisorin
circumscriptionoftaxonwithoutalteringthetype.e.g.Phyllanthus
Linn.EmendMull.Useofsquarebrackets:-Squarebracketsareused
toindicateprestartingpointauthor.e.g.Lupinus[Tourne.]Linn

6. REJECTION OF NAME -RULES
Alegitimatenameorepithetmustnotberejectedmerely
becauseitisinappropriateordisagreeable,orbecauseanother
ispreferableorbetterknownorbecauseithaslostitsoriginal
meaning.However,anamemustberejectedifitwas
nomenclaturalsuperfluouswhenpublished.Similarly,aname
orepithetrejectedisreplacedbytheoldestlegitimatenameor
inacombinationbytheoldestavailableepithetintherank
concerned.Thefollowingtypesofnametobeillegitimateand
unusablelikeSynonyms,Tautonyms,Typonyms,Metanyms,
Homonyms,Hypnonyms,AutonymandNomennudum.Theall
thecriteriaisbasedontherulesofthenomenclatureas
publishedbythehighestauthorityofnomenclaturei.eICN.

7. REJECTION OF NAMES
Typonyms:Anameisrejectedifthereisandoldervalidname
basedonthesametype.
Metanyms:Anameisrejectedwhenthereisanoldervalid
namebasedonanothermemberofthesamegroup.
Hyponyms:Anameisrejectedwhenthenaturalgrouptowhich
itappliesisundetermined.
Homonyms:Anameisrejectedwhenpreoccupiedi.eidentical
namescannotbeappliedtotwodifferenttaxa.
Nomennudum:Itisthenamethatdoesnotfulfillthecriteria
setbyICBNasalegallydescribedscientificnameand
thereforecannotbeusedunlessitissubsequentlyproposed
correctly.ItisLatinterm(Pluralnominanuda)referringtoa
namethathasbeenpublishedormentionedwithoutaproper
andcompletedescription.

8. REJECTION OF NAMES
Tautonym:-Anillegitimatebinomialinwhichthenameof
genusandspecificepithetisidenticalorsomeiscalleda
tautonym.e.g.MalusmalusorArmoracia(L)Britron.Cajanus
cajan–nottautonym
Autonym:-Reputationofaspecificepithetisanintraspecific
epithetdoesnotconstituteatautonymbutalegitimate
autonym.e.g.Acacianiloticassp.Nilotica.
Synonym:-Allnamesofataxonotherthanasinglevalidname
aresynonymsofthattaxon.Theearliestnameisthecurrent
nameandothersaresynonyms.Theearliestisdetectedbylow
ofpriorityfrom1753.e.g.NymphaeanouchaliBurm.f,1768
NymphaeapubescenceWilld,1799–SynonymNymphaea
torusHook.f.EtT.,1872–Synonym

9. REJECTION OF NAMES
Basionym:-Aspecificorintra-specificnamewhichhaspriorityand
isretaineddeededwhentransferredtoanewtaxoniscalleda
basionym.e.g.PanicumdactylonLinn—basionym.Cynodon
dactylon(Linn)pers—Originalname.
Homonym:-Ataxonshouldhaveonecorrectname.Thecodedoes
notallowthesametobeusedfortwodifferenttaxa.Suchifexisting
constitutehomonyms.Thenamepublishedatanearlydateistermed
theearlierhomonym.Thenamerejectsthelaterhomonym.E.g:-
ZizyphusjujubaLamk1789—laterhomonymZizyphusjujubaMill
1768—earlierhomonym.
LaterIsonym:-Whenthesamebasedonthesametypehasbeen
publishedindependentlyatdifferenttimesbydifferentauthors,then
onlytheearliestofthesesocalled“Isonym”hasnomenclaturalstatus
and“laterIsonym”rejected.e.g:-AlsophilakalbreyeriBaker(1892)
AlsophilakalbreyeriChristensten(1905)–laterIsonym.

10. NAMES OF HYBRIDS
Ahybridplantistheresultofcrosspollinatingtwodifferentof
twodifferentgenera(Intergeneric),differentspecies(Intra
genericorInterspecific)plantvarietiesandgrowingtheseed
themixproduces.Theplantthatgrowsfromthatseed
combinationiscalledahybrid.Commercialcrossplantingis
donetogetsometypeofvaluedattributeofeachinitialvariety
intotheoffspring.Hybridsmightbedevelopedfordisease
resistance,sizeofplant,flower,orfruit,increasedflowering,
color,tasteoranyreasonaplantmightbeconsideredspecial.
Today,manymodernplantssoldarehybrids.
HybridNamesFern.Validlypublishedhybridnamesare
signifiedbythesymbol“x”andarenotitalicized.Hybridsat
thegenericlevelarewrittenwithan“x”immediatelypriorto
thegenusname,suchasinthefollowingexample:xElyleymus
colvillensis(Lepage)BarkworthForahybridatthespecies
levelan“x”isplacedimmediatelypriortothespecificepithet,
asinthisexample:QuercusxdeamiiTrel.(Quercusxdeamii
wasfoundtobeaproductofthecrossQuercusmacrocarpa
Michx.xQuercusmuehlenbergiiEngelm.

11. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Google for images
Advanced Plant Taxonomy by A.K. Mondal
Plant Taxonomy-O. P. Sharma
A textbook of Botany-Hait, Bhattacharyya &
Ghosh
Some web pages
Disclaimer:Thispresentationhasbeenmadein
ordertoenrichtheonlinedomainwithoutany
financialinterest.Onlyinterestistheviewers
visittogothroughthecontent.
THANKSFORYOURVISIT