ICT LAB PRESENTATION.pptx for 1st semset

Ict presentation

1. PRESENTATION NETWORK TOPOLOGY Presented to: Sir A hmad M alik

2. Presented by: Fiza Khalid (122) Malaika Aman (89) Salman Nawaz (97) Rana Abd-ul-rehman (136)

3. What is Net work Topology? Topology is derived from two Greek words topo and logy, where topo means 'place' and logy means 'study'. In computer networks, a topology is used to explain how a network is physically connected and the logical flow of information in the network.  A topology mainly describes how devices are connected and interact with each other using communication links.

4. The importance of understanding network topology is paramount in ensuring optimal network functionality and management. Furthermore, it provides insight into the complex organization of a network and contributes to the efficient resolution of network nodes. Impacts how a network functions.  Helps IT administrators understand how the entire network infrastructure is organized.  Enables geographic visualization of a distributed network.  Explains how devices and applications impact others in the network.  Helps find and resolve system-wide issues. 

5. Types of Network Topology There are five types of network topology: 1. Bus topology 2. Star topology 3. Ring topology 4. Mesh topology 5. Tree topology

6. Types of network topology:

7. Bus topology :   In the bus network topology, every node is connected in series along a single cable. This arrangement is found today primarily in cable broadband distribution networks.

8. Working: The sending computer sends the data and destination address through the bus. The data and address move from one computer to the other in the net-work. Each computer checks the address. If it matches with the address of a computer, the computer keeps the data. Otherwise the data moves to the next computer .

9. Advantages of bus topology: Simple to use and install. If a node fails, it will not affect other nodes. Less cabling is required. Cost-efficient to implement .

10. D isadvantages of Bus topology: Efficiency is less when nodes are more(strength of signal decreases). If the bus fails, the network will fail. A limited number of nodes can connect to the bus due to limited bus length. Security issues and risks are more as messages are broadcasted to all nodes. Congestion and traffic on the bus as it is the only source of communication.

11. S tar network.   Star network.  In the star network   topology, a central device connects to all other nodes through a central hub. Switched local area networks based on Ethernet switches and most wired home and office networks have a physical star topology. The hub or switch acts as a middleware between the nodes. Any node requesting for service or providing service, first contact the hub for communication.

12. Working: The sending computer sends the data to hub. The hub sends data to the receiving computer. Each computer in star network communicates with a central hub.

13. A dvantages of Star topology: Centralized control. Less Expensive. Easy to troubleshoot(the faulty node does not give response). Good fault tolerance due to centralized control on nodes. Easy to scale(nodes can be added or removed to the network easily). If a node fails, it will not affect other nodes. Easy to reconfigure and upgrade(configured using a central device).

14. D isadvantages of Star topology: If the central device fails, the network will fail. The number of devices in the network is limited(due to limited input-output port in a central device)

15. Ring Topology Ring topology is a topology in which each computer is connected to exactly two other computers to form the ring. The message passing is unidirectional and circular in nature.

16. Working: Every computer is connected to next computer in a ring. Each computer receives message from the previous computer and transmits it to the next computer. The message flows in one direction. The message is passed around the ring until it reaches the correct destination computer.

17. A dvantages of Ring topology: Easy Installation. Less Cabling Required. Reduces chances of data collision(unidirectional). Easy to troubleshoot(the faulty node does not pass the token). Each node gets the same access time.

18. D isadvantages of Ring topology: If a node fails, the whole network will fail. Slow data transmission speed(each message has to go through the ring path). Difficult to reconfigure(we have to break the ring).