Idealism

idealism

1. welcome Submitted by ATHIRAMOHAN G

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3. Ideas are the only true reality,the only thing worth knowing.

4. “Idealism contends that the material and physical universe known to science is an incomplete expression of Reality, that it exist but to subserve , and requires to complement it a higher type of reality, a spiritual universe .” Rusk

5. Idealism is born out of Plato’s ” Theory of Ideas.” Idealism recognizes ideas ,feelings and ideals are more important than material objects. and at the same time emphasizes that human development should be according to moral, ethical and spiritual values so that acquires knowledge of unity in diversity .

6. DEFENITION OF IDEALISM

7. “ Idealism holds that ultimate reality is spiritualism” D.M.Dutta “ Idealistic philosophy takes many and varied forms, but the postulate underlying all this is that mind or spirit is essential world stuff , that the true reality is of a mental character. “ -J.S.Ross

8. Fundamental principles of Idealism

9. (1)Two forms of the whole world Idealism believes in two forms of the world spiritual world and material world. Idealists give more importance to spiritual world in comparison to the material world They believe that spiritual world is real and ultimate truth whereas the material world is transitory and mortal. To know the reality of the spiritual world is to know the reality of mind and soul . Self realization is the main aim of human life .

10. 2) Ideas are more important than object According to Idealists, knowledge of mind and soul can be obtained through ideas only. Hence , they have given more importance to ideas over the objects and material things.

11. 3) Importance of man over nature To Idealism man is more important than material nature. It is because man can think and experience about material object and material phenomenon. He creates his own world of virtue and his creativity achieves higher and higher level of art in many area

12. 4) Faith in spiritual value According to idealists , the prime aim of life is to achieve spiritual value. They are –Truth, Beauty and Goodness. These spiritual values are undying and permanent. For the achievement of these spiritual value all the capacities of man are to be harnessed to the full. These capacities are-knowing ,feeling and willing.

13. 5) Importance of personality development Idealist give much importance to the self of the individual. Hence they insist upon the fullest development of the personality of the individual. This is self realization in the true sense of the term. Hence development of social qualities is essential for self realization as it expresses itself in the form of love ,sympathy, fellow-feeling and co-operation for the good of all and no discrimination among human being on any basis of caste, creed,sex,race or status etc.

14. TYPE OF IDEALISM

15. SUBJECTIVE IDEALISM It give more important to mind or spirit and their perceptions or ideas The type of idealism also called mentalism and phenomenalism The chief exponents are George Berkely ,John Locke etc

16. OBJECTIVE IBEALISM This type of idealism gave more importance to nature of universe They mean the universe is one According to them nature existed before me the individual itself ,and will exist after me ,nature also existed before the present community of selves. The chief exponents are Plato,Hegel,etc

17. PERSONAL IDEALISM The give more importance to person or self It emphasizes the reality and worthy of the individual people, moral values and human freedom Chief exponents are Rudolf Herman Ltze ,Boden ,etc

18. Chief Exponents of Idealism

19. Idealism and aim of education

20. Self realization First aim of education according to is to develop the self of the individual higher and higher still self realization achieved. In the word of J.S.Ross “the aim of education specially associated with Idealism is the exhalation of personality ,or self realization, the making actual or real the highest potentialities of self”

21. To ensure the spiritual development Idealist give greater importance to spiritual value in comparison with material attainment. The second aim of education is to develop the child mentally, morally and above all spiritually. Thus teacher should so organize education as to develop the child spiritually

22. To cultivate Truth,Beauty ,Goodness Truth, beauty and goodness should be encouragedmore and more . The more an individual realizes these ideals , the more spiritually developed he will become

23. Conservation,promotion and transmission of cultural heritage Mental and intellectual capacities develop cultural,social,and artistic values in human life in all its aspects. Thus ,the fourth aim of education according to Idealism is to acquaint the child with the cultural heritage so that he conserves,promotes and transmits it to the rising generation

24. Idealism and curriculum

25. Since the aim education according to idealism is the emergence of an ideal man,the curriculum should enable man to develop fully. Any subject which creates an ideal or spiritual self is most welcome to an idealist. Education must provide each child with vivid acquaintance with created order of God,human history as well as the cultural and spiritual heritage.

26. Methods of teaching Methods which encourage reasoning that involves intuitive and reflective thinking get priority. In addition to lecture method ,discussion method,Socratic method or any other method that encourages mental exercise and develops mental faculties are recommended by idealist.

27. Discipline The theory of discipline of the idealists is based on their concept of freedom. Idealist like to give freedom to children,but that will be a qualified freedom. It should be for activity. Freedom does not mean license. It implies responsibility and should be the result of discipline. Therefore ,wise direction, judicious control and stimulating guidance of the teacher are necessary. Their emphasis is on self discipline

28. Idealism and teacher An idealist teacher is imbued fully with high degree of self knowledge, self dynamism and essential qualities of spiritualism. By his own model of life,he tries to shape the individuality of the child to a life of purit,virtue and great achievement. He creates a wholesome conductive atmosphere by his own activities and planned experiences for the child. He guides the child with such genuine love,affection and sympathy that he attain his full mental and spiritual development

29. Idealism and school School is a place where the capacities of logical thinking,reasoning and evaluating of the child are progressively sublimated and developed by teachers and the school environment into desirable channels so that high spiritual ideals and values are gained. Such noble mission ,according to Idealism, may be achieved through proper guidance of teacher gives in school . Hence ,Idealists consider school and its impressionistic environment as greatly essential .

30. MERITS OF IDEALIST PHILOSOPHY

31. Idealistic education emphasizes the inculcation of highest values namely Truth,Beauty and Goodness.This will lead to the development of a moral character of child. Idealist education aim at self realization of all individuals by one’s own effort. Hence,it promote universal education. In the process of idealistic education ,the teacher is assigned a very important role. The teacher influences the child by his high ideals of life .This achieves the fullest development of child’s personality. Idealism emphasizes the principle of self disciplie .This principle leads to the development of the self of an individual. Because of Idealistic philosophy and education,the school has grow into an important social organization

32. Weaknesses and limitation of idealism

33. Idealistic scheme of education pay less attention to the highly technological environment of the present. Idealism is concerned with the ultimate end of life.It avoids the real problems day to day livings.Education should be such as to make individuals capable to solve the problems that confront them from time to time and are able to lead a happy and contented life. Idealistic education give more importance to teacher in relation to the child.Modern psychology emphasizes the prime and central importance of child. Idealistic method of teaching emphasizes cramming and rote memory .In modern education ,these method are given little importane .

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