Identification of Common weeds and plants

Identification of Common weeds and Plants

1. Common weeds and plants
a photo identification guide
K Srinivas
S Sridevi
May 2024
edition

2. Common weeds and plants
a photo identification guide
May 2024 edition
Concept, photography, compilation and design by
K Srinivas
Principal Scientist, ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad
&
S Sridevi
Principal Scientist and Head, ARS Tornala, PJTSAU

3. Fromtheecologist’sviewpoint,weeds,
especiallynativeweeds,maybethenaturaland
betteradaptedinhabitantsoftheecosystem,
andcropsmaybetheplantsthatarepoorly
adaptedandalienoroutofplace.Asthe
damagingeffectsofecosystem-insensitivecrop
productionpracticesbecomemoreandmore
evident,theneedtounderstandandappreciate
weedsandtheirroleinecosystemsbecomes
increasinglyimportant.
Weedsprovideawiderangeofcritical
ecosystemserviceswhicharepoorly
understoodandgrosslyundervalued.Many
weedsserveasfoodforhumans,andmany
more,asforageforanimals.Theyprovidefood
andhabitationforawidevarietyofabove
groundfaunaincludingbirdsandinsectsand
belowgroundfaunaandflora.Theyplayan
importantroleinsupportingtheactivityof
pollinators,andmayindirectlycontributeto
increasedcropproductivity.Weedflowersare
variedandbeautifulintheirownways,
althoughthemorebeautifulamongthem
generallygetdomesticatedandbecomegarden
plantsorcultivatedplants.Manyweedscover
thesoil,binditwiththeirrootsandprotectit
fromremovalbywindandwatererosion.
Weedsaddtothesoil,significantamountsof
carbon,thefuelthatpowerssoilbiology,and
mayplayasignificantroleincarbon
sequestrationandclimatechangemitigation.
Manyweedsexhibitextraordinarytenacityand
survivalcapacityevenunderthemostadverse
conditions.Theypossessspecialecological
attributesthatenablethemtoadapttoextreme
conditions.Withtheirspecialadaptationsfor
heatanddroughttolerance,weedsensure
continuityoflifeinrainfedecosystemsduring
thelongdryperiodafterthecessationof
monsoonrains.Butforweeds,croplands
wouldbedesertsdevoidofanyvegetation,and
consequently,life,duringthedryperiod.
Colonizingweedspeciesaretheecologicalred
crossthatrushtohelpstabilizeandrestore
landsclearedofvegetationbythehuman
actionsornaturaldisasters(Nimal
Chandrasena,TheVirtuousWeed).Theycanbe
effectivelyusedintheecologicalrestorationof
damagedecosystemssuchasminespoilsand
landfills.Asopposedtotheviewthatweeds
poseathreattobiodiversity,weedsmay
actuallyenrichthebiodiversityandenhancethe
resilienceofecosystems.Whilemanaging
weedsmaybeessentialtocropproduction,
adoptingmorerationalapproachesthan
completeexterminationmayhavemore
positiveecologicalaswellasagronomic
outcomes,especiallyinthelongrun.
“If I were a garden,
I’d be one with many weeds”
―Florence Virginia Stephenson
PREFACE

4. Inthiscompilation,aimedprimarilyasatoolfor
weedidentificationinthefield,wetrytopresent
weedsinamorepositivelight.Weadoptatext
minimum,picturemaximumapproachtoput
thespotlightonidentificationandappreciation
oftheplantspecies.Webelievethatoncethe
plantisidentified,gettingdetailedtechnical
informationaboutitisjustawebsearchaway.
Wepresentmultipleviewsoftheplants,from
distantandintermediateviewsthataidgeneral
identification,tointimate,closeupviewsthat
revealdetailsofthedistinguishingplantparts,
generallyflowers,forbetterappreciationoftheir
beautyanddiversity,andalsoforconfirmingthe
identification.
Itisnaturaltoquestiontheneedforaresource
likethisinthisage,whenitispossibleto
identifyplantsbysimplypointingthe
smartphoneatthemandusingAIenabledapps
toprovidetheidentification.However,AItools
arenotalwaysaccurate,althoughtheyare
gettingbetterbytheday.Webelievethatan
extensiveresourcewithdetailedpicturesstill
hasvalueandoldworldcharmofitsown.Even
ifthiscompilationisredundantasaweed
identificationresource,webelieveithas
aestheticvaluethatcouldstimulateinterestand
enthusiasmtowardsweedsandcommonplants.
Almostallweedspossesshealingpropertiesand
findaplaceinthepharmacopeiaofmany
systemsofmedicinesuchasayurveda,unani,
homeopathy,tribalmedicineandtraditional
Chinesemedicine.AlmostallIndianweedsare
describedinayurvedictexts.Hence,besidesthe
scientificnameandcommonEnglishname,we
decidedtogivetheayurvedicnamesofplantsto
alludetotheirmedicinalproperties.Whenwe
couldn’tfindadefinitiveayurvedicname,we
mentionedaSanskritname.Wherewecouldn’t
findeventheSanskritname,weuseda
vernacularnametotryandgiveanative,ethnic
contexttotheplants.
Thiscompilationisbynomeanscomprehensive
ortechnicallyvetted.Weneverintendedittobe
acomprehensivetechnicaldocument.Arough
pictorialguidetosomecommonweedsand
othercommonplantswouldbeamorefitting
waytodescribethiscompilation.Whilethemain
focuswasonweedspecies,weincludedseveral
commonandinterestingspeciesthatwe
encounteredinourexplorations,asthelineof
differentiationbetweenweedsandother
commonplantsisverythin.
“What is a weed?
A plant whose virtues have not
yet been discovered”
―Ralph Waldo Emerson

5. Ourobjective,besidesaidingidentification,is
tocreategreaterawarenessofthewide
diversityofweeds,uncovertheiroftenhidden
beauty,andcreatebetterappreciationfor
weedsasplantswhichrightfullydeservetheir
placeunderthesunandnotasabominations-
anideathatislargelyahumancultural
construct(TabithaFaber,ALoveLetterto
Weeds).Wehopethatotherswilladopta
similarapproachtodepictingweeds,ifthis
compilationfindsappealandapprobationof
discerningusers.
Theimagesinthiscompendiumarenotto
scale.Someoftheplants,leavesandflowers
aremuchlargerandsomearemuchsmaller
thandepicted.Wehaveenlargedorshrunk
imagestofitthepagespacewhilebringingout
maximumpossibledetail.Thecorrectsizes
maybefoundintechnicaldescriptionsofthe
specieswhichcaneasilybefoundinonline
andofflineresources.Detaileddescriptionsof
thehealingpropertiesoftheplantsdepictedin
thiscompilationarereadilyavailableandcan
befoundinseveralonlineandoffline
resources.
Wecapturedalltheimagesshowninthis
compilationusingsmartphones.Weshot
enoughpicturestofill3-4pagesforeach
species,butselectedonlyafewandsqueezed
themintoasinglepageforeachspecies,to
preventthiscompilationfrombecomingtoo
bulkyandunwieldy.Witheverimproving
camerasonsmartphones,anyonewitha
smartphonecantakehighqualitypicturesand
identifythemusingplantidentificationapps
andevenmakecompilationslikethisand
betterthanthis.
Weareawarethatsomeoftheidentifications
ofthespeciesinthiscompilationmaybe
incorrect,especiallyatthespecieslevel,more
soincaseofgrasses.Wewelcomecorrections
inidentificationofthespeciesandsuggestions
formakingthecompilationmoreusefulto
users.Wewilltrytoaddmorespeciesand
expandthiscompilationinthefuture.
SrinivasKarlapudi
[email protected]
Sridevi Surapaneni
[email protected]

6. 1Abrusprecatorius
2Abutilon indicum
3Acacia catechu
4Acacia nilotica
5Acalyphacapitata
6Acalyphaciliata
7Acalyphaindica
8Acanthospermumhispidum
9Achyranthesaspera
10Acmellauliginosa
11Aervalanata
12Ageratum conyzoides
13Ageratum conyzoides
14Agrostis capillaris
15Allmanianodiflora
16Alternanthera ficoidea
17Alternanthera pungens
18Alternanthera sessilis
19Alternanthera species
20Alysicarpushamosus
21Alysicarpusmonilifer
22Alysicarpusspecies
23Alysicarpusvaginalis
24Amaranthus graecizans
25Amaranthus hybridus
26Amaranthus species
27Amaranthus species
28Amaranthus spinosus
29Amaranthus tricolor
30Amaranthus viridis
31Ammaniabaccifera
32Andrographis echioides
33Andrographis paniculata
34Apludamutica
35ArgemoneMexicana
36Aristida adscensionis
37Aristida purpurea
38Asparagus acutifolius
39Asystasiagangetica
40Bacopa monnieri
41Barleriacristata
42Barleriaprionitis
43Bidenspilosa
44Blainvilleaacmella
45Blumeaaxillaris
46Blumealacera
47Blumeaspecies
48Blumeaviscosa
49Boerhaviadiffusa
50Boerhaviaerecta
51Bolboschoenusmaritimus
52Botriochloainsculpta
53Botriochloaischaemum
54Broussonetiapapyrifera
55Bulbostylisbarbata
56Caesalpiniabonduc
57Cajanusscarabaeoides
58Calotropis gigantea
59Calyptocarpusvialis
60Capparis zeylanica
61Cardiospermumhalicacabum
62Cassythafiliformis
63Catharanthuspusillus
64Celosia argentea
65Cenchrusciliaris
66Cenchrussetaceous
67Cenchrusspecies
68Cenchrusspecies
69Centellaasiatica
70Chamaecristaabsus
71Chenopodium album
72Chloris barbata
73Chloris gayana
74Chromolaenaodorata
75Chrozophorarottleri
76Chrysopogongryllus
77Cissusrepanda
78Cleome chelidoni
79Cleome gynandra
80Cleome monophylla
List of common weeds and plants in this compilation

7. 81Cleome rutidosperma
82Cleome viscosa
83Clitoriaternatea
84Cocciniagrandis
85Cocculushirsutus
86Coldeniaprocumbens
87Commelinabenghalensis
88Commelinadiffusa
89Commelinaforskaolii
90Commelinamaculata
91Commelinaspecies
92Corchorus aestuans
93Corchorus olitorius
94Corchorus tridens
95Corchorus trilocularis
96Crotalaria angulata
97Crotalaria hebecarpa
98Crotalaria pusilla
99Crotalaria verrucosa
100Croton bonplandianus
101Cyanotisaxillaris
102Cyanotiscristata
103Cyanotisspecies
104Cyanthilliumcinereum
105Cynodondactylon
106Cyperusalopecuroides
107Cyperusbrevifolius
108Cyperuscompressus
109Cyperusdifformis
110Cyperusdifformis
111Cyperushaspan
112Cyperusiria
113Cyperuslongus
114Cyperusmicroiria
115Cyperusniveus
116Cyperusrotundus
117Cyperussesquiflorus
118Dactylocteniumaegyptium
119Datura innoxia
120Desmodiumscorpiurus
121Desmodium triflorum
122Dicanthiumannulatum
123Diclipterapaniculata
124Dicomatomentosa
125Digeraarvensis
126Digitariaciliaris
127Digitariasanguinalis
128Dinebraretroflexa
129Diplocyclospalmatus
130Echinochloacolona
131Echinochloacrus galli
132Ecliptaprostata
133Ecliptaprostata
134Eleusineindica
135Emilia sonchifolia
136Eragrostisambilis
137Eragrostiscilianensis
138Eragrostisminor
139Eragrostispilosa
140Eragrostisspecies
141Eragrostis spectabilis
142Eragrostrisuniloides
143Erigeron bonariensis
144Erigeron sublyratus
145Euphorbia heterophylla
146Euphorbia hirta
147Euphorbia hypercilifolia
148Euphorbia nutans
149Euphorbia prostata
150Euphorbia terracina
151Evolvulusalsinoides
152Evolvulusalsinoides
153Evolvulusnuttallianus
154Fimbristylismiliacea
155Fimbristylisovata
156Gisekiapharnaceoides
157Glinuslotoides
158Glinusoppositifolius
159Glinusoppositifolius
160Gomphrena celosioides

8. 161Gomphrena serrata
162Grangeamedaraspatana
163Heliotropiummarifolium
164Heliotropium strigosum
165Heliotropiumstrigosum
166Hemidesmus indicus
167Heteropogon contortus
168Hibiscus cannabinus
169Hibiscus cannabinus
170Hibiscus lobatus
171Hibiscus micranthus
172Hybanthus enneaspermus
173Hyparrhenia hirta
174Hyptis suaveolens
175Indigofera astragalina
176Indigofera colutea
177Indigofera cordifolia
178Indigofera linifloia
179Indigofera linifloia
180Indigoferalinnaei
181Indigoferaminiata
182Indigofera trifoliata
183Ipomoea carnea
184Ipomoea eriocarpa
185Ipomoea hederacea
186Ipomoea hederifolia
187Ipomoea obscura
188Ipomoea pes-tigridis
189Ipomoea triloba
190Justicia glauca
191Justicia procumbens
192Justicia simplex
193Lagascea mollis
194Lantana camara
195Leonotis nepetifolia
196Lepidagathes cristata
197Leucas aspera
198Macroptilium atropurpureum
199
Malvastrum
coromandelianum
200Marsileaquadrifolia
201Melinis repens
202Melochiacorchorifolia
203Merremiaemarginata
204Merremiatridentata
205Mimosa pudica
206Mirabilis jalapa
207Mitracarpushirtus
208Mollugocerviana
209Mollugonudicaulis
210Mollugopentaphylla
211Mollugo/Glinusspecies
212Ocimumamericanum
213Ocimumbasilicum
214Ocimumfilamentosum
215Ocimumtenuiflorum
216Oldenlandiacorymbosa
217Oldenlandiadiffusa
218Oldenlandiaherbacea
219Oldenlandiastricta
220Oldenlandiaumbellata
221Operculinaturpethum
222Otteliaalismoides
223Oxalis corniculata
224Panicum capillare
225Panicum dichotomiflorum
226Panicum effusum
227Panicum repens
228Parthenium hysterophorus
229Paspalum dilatatum
230Paspalumspecies
231Paspalum species
232Paspalum species
233Passiflorafoetida
234Pavoniaodorata
235Pavonia species
236Pavonia zeylanica
237Pennisetum pedicellatum
238Pergulariadaemia
239Perotisindica
240Persicriaglabra

9. 241Phyla nodiflora
242Phyllanthus amarus
243Phyllanthus madaraspatensis
244Phyllanthus reticulatus
245Phyllanthus virgatus
246Physalis angulata
247Physalis minima
248Physalis pruinosa
249Pluchea indica
250Plumbago zeylanica
251Polycarpaea corymbosa
252Polygala erioptera
253Portulaca oleracea
254Portulaca pilosa
255Portulaca quadrifolia
256Prosopis juliflora
257Pulicariaspecies
258Pulicariawightiana
259Pupalialappacea
260Rhynchosiacana
261Rhynchosiacapitata
262Rhynchosia minima
263Richardia scabra
264Richardia scabra
265Rothia indica
266Ruelliaprostrata
267Ruelliatuberosa
268Senna auriculata
269Senna occidentalis
270Senna tora
271Senna uniflora
272Setaria pumila
273Setaria verticillata
274Sida acuta
275Sida cordata
276Sida cordifolia
277Sida fallax
278Sida spinosa
279Sinapisarvensis
280Solanum americanum
281Solanum nigrum
282Solanum torvum
283Solanum xanthocarpum
284Sonchus asper
285Sonchus oleraceus
286Sonchuswightianus
287Sorghum halepense
288Spermacoce articularis
289Spermacoce articularis
290Sphaeranthus indicus
291Stachytarpheta jamaicensis
292Striga densiflora
293Stylosanthes fruticosa
294Tephrosia purpurea
295Tephrosia subtriflora
296Tephrosia uniflora
297Tephrosia vicioides
298Tephrosia villosa
299Tephrosia villosa
300Tinosporacordifolia
301Tragus racemosus
302Trianthema portulacastrum
303Tribulus terrestris
304Trichodesma indicum
305Trichodesma zeylanicum
306Tricholepis radicans
307Tridax procumbens
308Triumfetta rhomboidea
309Turnera subulata
310Typha angustifolia
311Urenalobata
312Urenasinuata
313Urochloasetigera
314Urochloasetigera
315Vigna aconitifolia
316Vitex negundo
317Waltheria indica
318Xanthium orientale
319Xanthium strumarium
320Zornia gibbosa

10. Plant families in this compilation
Acanthaceae Acanthus family
Aizoaceae Ice plants family
Amaranthaceae Amaranth family
Apiaceae Parsley family
Apocynaceae Dogbane/Oleander family
Asparagaceae Asparagus family
Asteraceae Aster/Sunflower family
Boraginaceae Forget me not / Borage family
Brassicaceae Mustard family
Capparaceae Caper family
Caryophyllaceae Carnation family
Cleomaceae Spiderflower family
Commelinaceae Spiderwort family
Convolvulaceae Morning glory family
Cucurbitaceae Gourd family
Cyperaceae Sedge family
Euphorbiaceae Spurge family
Fabaceae Pea/Bean family
Gisekiaceae Gisekia family
HydrocharitaceaeFrog-bit family
Lamiaceae Mint family
Lauraceae Laurel family
Lythracea Loosestrife family
Malvaceae Hibiscus/Mallow family
Marsileaceae Pepperwort family
Menispermaceae Moonseed family
Molluginaceae Carpet weed family
Moraceae Mulberry/Fig family
Nyctaginaceae Four o clock family
Orobanchaceae Broomrape family
Oxalidaceae Wood sorrel family
Papaveraceae Poppy family
Passifloraceae Passion flower family
Phyllanthaceae Leaf flower family
Plantaginaceae Plantain family
Plumbaginaceae Leadwort family
Poaceae Grass family
Polygalaceae Milkwort family
Polygonaceae Knotweed family
Portulacaceae Purslane family
Rubiaceae Coffee/Madder family
Sapindaceae Soapberry family
Solanaceae Nightshade family
Verbenaceae Verbena family
Violaceae Violet family
Vitaceae Grape family
Zygophyllaceae Caltrop/Bean caper family

11. Haritamanjari
Indian copperleaf
/ Indian nettle
Acalyphaindica
Euphorbiaceae
Ayurvedic or Sanskrit or vernacular
name. If vernacular, language is
mentioned in parenthesis.
Ayurvedic/Sanskrit names may not
be exclusive, more than one species
may go by the same name.
Common name in English.
This also may not be exclusive.
Scientific/botanical/taxanomicname.
A question mark next to the name indicates
uncertainty and doubt about the identification
Name of the Family to which the
species belongs
While all possible efforts have been made to present an accurate identification of the species in this compilation,
users are strongly advised to confirm the identity through other resources, especially for use of a technical nature.
Guide to description of species

12. Gunja
Rosary pea
Abrusprecatorius
Fabaceae

13. Atibala
Indian mallow
Abutilon indicum
Malvaceae

14. Acacia
catechu ?
Fabaceae

15. Babul
Gum Arabic tree
Acacia nilotica
Fabaceae

16. Mirapakuppinta
(Telugu)
Alder leaved cattail
Acalyphacapitata
Euphorbiaceae

17. Acalyphaciliata?
lanceolata?
Euphorbiaceae

18. Haritamanjari
Indian copperleaf
/ Indian nettle
Acalyphaindica
Euphorbiaceae

19. Kadlemullu(Kannada)
Bristly starbur
Acanthospermum hispidum
Asteraceae

20. Apamarga
Devil’s horsewhip
Achyranthesaspera
Amaranthaceae

21. Marsh paracress
Acmellauliginosa
Asterceae

22. Gorakshaganja
Mountain knot grass
Aervalanata
Amaranthaceae

23. Vishamushti
Goatweed
Ageratum
conyzoides
Asteraceae

24. Vishamushti
Goatweed
Ageratum conyzoides
Asteraceae

25. Common bent grass
Agrostiscapillaris?
Poaceae

26. Tardatardua(Oriya)
Node flower Allmania
Allmanianodiflora
Amaranthaceae

27. Parrot leaf
Alternanthera
ficoidea?
Amaranthaceae

28. Alternantheraspecies
Amaranthaceae

29. Khaki joyweed
Alternanthera
pungens
Amaranthaceae

30. Matsyakshi
Stalkless joyweed
Alternanthera sessilis?
Amaranthaceae

31. Round leaf alyceclover
Alysicarpushamosus
Fabaceae

32. Necklace pod
Alice clover
Alysicarpus
monilifer
Fabaceae

33. NilaOrila(Malayalam)
Alice clover
Alysicarpusvaginalis
Fabaceae

34. Alysicarpus
species
Fabaceae

35. Spreading pigweed
Amaranthus graecizans
Amaranthaceae

36. Smooth pigweed
Amaranthus hybridus?
Amaranthaceae

37. Amaranthus species
Amaranthaceae

38. Amaranthus species
Amaranthaceae

39. Tanduliyaka
Green amaranth
Amaranthus spinosus
Amaranthaceae

40. Chinese spinach
Amaranthus tricolor ?
Amaranthaceae

41. Tanduliya
Slender amaranth
Amaranthus viridis
Amaranthaceae

42. Agnigarbha
Blistering ammania
Ammania baccifera
Lythraceae

43. Gopuram Tangi(Tamil)
False waterwillow
Andrographis echioides
Acanthaceae

44. Kalamegha
Green chiretta
Andrographispaniculata
Acanthaceae

45. Akkuhullu(Kannada)
Mauritian grass
Apludamutica
Poaceae

46. Swarnakshiri Mexicanprickly poppy
Argemone mexicana Papaveraceae

47. Porakagaddi(Telugu)
Common needle grass
Aristidaadscensionis
Poaceae

48. Purple three awn
Aristidapurpurea?
Poaceae

49. Asparagus acutifolius?
Asparagaceae

50. Lavanavalli
Chinese violet
Asystasiagangetica
Acanthaceae

51. Brahmi
Water hyssop
Bacopamonnieri
Plantaginaceae

52. Philippine violet, Barleriacristata
Acanthaceae

53. Saireyaka/
Vajradanti
Porcupine flower
Barleriaprionitis
Acanthaceae

54. Kumra(Hindi)
Beggar tick
Bidenspilosa
Asteraceae

55. Blainvilleaacmella
Asteraceae

56. Soft Blumea
Blumeaaxillaris?
Asteraceae

57. Kukundara
Lettuce leaf Blumea
Blumealacera
Asteraceae

58. Blumeaspecies
Asteraceae

59. Sticky Blumea
Blumeaviscosa
Asteraceae

60. Punarnava
Red spiderling, Tar vine
Boerhaviadiffusa
Nyctaginaceae

61. PandhariPunarnava
Erect spiderling, tar vine
Boerhaviaerecta
Nyctaginaceae

62. Saltmarshbulrush
Bolboschoenus maritimus?
Cyperaceae

63. Creeping bluegrass
Botriochloainsculpta?
Poaceae

64. Yellow bluestem
grass
Botriochloa
ischaemum?
Poaceae

65. Paper mulberry
Broussonetia
papyrifera?
Moraceae

66. Bearded watergrass
Bulbostylisbarbata
Cyperaceae

67. Latakaranja
Fever nut
Caesalpiniabonduc
Fabaceae

68. Showy pigeonpea
Cajanusscarabaeoides
Fabaceae

69. Arka
Giant milkweed
Calotropisgigantea
Apocynaceae

70. Straggler daisy
Calyptocarpusvialis
Asteraceae

71. Vyaghranakhi
Ceylon caper
Cappariszeylanica
Capparaceae

72. Karnasphota, Balloon vine
Cardiospermum halicacabum
Sapindaceae

73. Akashbail
Love vine
Cassythafiliformis
Lauraceae

74. Tiny periwinkle
Catharanthus
pusillus
Apocynaceae

75. Shitivaraka
Silver Cockscomb
Celosia argentea
Amaranthaceae

76. Anjangrass
Cenchrusciliaris
Poaceae

77. Fountaingrass
Cenchrus
setaceous ?
Poaceae

78. Cenchrusspecies
Poaceae

79. Cenchrusspecies
Poaceae

80. Mandookaparni
Indian pennywort
Centellaasiatica
Apiaceae

81. Chakshusya
Tropical sensitive pea
Chamaecristaabsus
Fabaceae

82. Vastuka, Bathua(Hindi)
Lamb’s quarter
Chenopodium album
Amaranthaceae

83. Swollen finger grass
Chloris barbata
Poaceae

84. Rhodes grass
Chlorisgayana?
Poaceae

85. Communist pacha
(Malayalam)
Siam weed
Chromolaena odorata
Asteraceae

86. Suryavarti
Rottler’s
Chrozophora
Chrozophora rottleri
Euphorbiaceae

87. Scented grass
Chrysopogon gryllus
Poaceae

88. Panibel(Hindi)
Wavy leaved cissus
Cissusrepanda
Vitaceae

89. Celandine spiderflower
Cleome chelidoni
Cleomaceae

90. Cheruvela(Malayalam)
Spindle pod
Cleome monophylla
Cleomaceae

91. Ajagandha
Spiderwisp
Cleome gynandra
Cleomaceae

92. Neelavela(Malayalam)
Fringed spider flower
Cleome rutidosperma
Cleomaceae

93. Tilaparni
Asian spiderflower
Cleomeviscosa
Cleomaceae

94. Aparajita
Butterfly pea
Clitoriaternatea
Fabaceae

95. Bimbika, Ivy gourd
Cocciniagrandis
Cucurbitaceae

96. Patalagarudi Broom creeper
CocculushirsutusMenispermaceae

97. Tripakshi
Creeping coldenia
Coldeniaprocumbens
Boraginaceae

98. Marishajalaja
Bengaldayflower
Commelina benghalensis
Commelinaceae

99. Spreading dayflower
Commelina diffusa?
Commelinaceae

100. Kanpet(Marathi)
Rat’s ear
Commelina forskaolii
Commelinaceae

101. Spotted dayflower
Commelina maculata?
Commelinaceae

102. Commelina species
Commelinaceae

103. Chanchu
East Indian mallow
Corchorus aestuans
Malvaceae

104. MahaChanchu
Jew’s mallow
Corchorusolitorius
Malvaceae

105. Horn-fruited jute
Corchorustridens
Malvaceae

106. Arenukam (Malayalam)
Wild jute
Corchorus trilocularis
Malvaceae

107. Coinwortrattlepod
Crotalaria angulata
Fabaceae

108. Godhadi(Marathi)
Fuzzy fruited rattlepod
Crotalaria hebecarpa
Fabaceae

109. Small rattlepod
Crotalaria pusilla
Fabaceae

110. Shanapushpi
Blue rattlepod
Crotalaria verrucosa
Fabaceae

111. Ban Tulsi
Bonpland’scroton
Croton bonplandianus
Euphorbiaceae

112. Gollagundi(Telugu)
Creeping cradle plant
Cyanotisaxillaris
Commelinaceae

113. Nabhali(Marathi)
Crested dew grass
Cyanotiscristata
Commelinaceae

114. Cyanotisspecies (axillaris?)
Commelinaceae

115. Sahadevi
Little iron weed
Cyanthilliumcinereum
Asteraceae

116. Doorva
Bermuda grass
Cynodondactylon
Poaceae

117. Foxtail flatsedge
Cyperus
alopecuroides
Cyperaceae

118. Green watersedge
Cyperusbrevifolius
Cyperaceae

119. KunnaKorai(Tamil)
Poorlandflat sedge
Cyperuscompressus
Cyperaceae

120. Variable flatsedge
Cyperusdifformis
Cyperaceae

121. Variable flatsedge
Cyperusdifformis
Cyperaceae

122. Haspanflatsedge
Cyperushaspan
Cyperaceae

123. Rice flat sedge
Cyperusiria
Cyperaceae

124. Sweet cyperus?
Cyperuslongus? rotundus?
Cyperaceae

125. Lesser rice flat sedge
Cyperusmicroiria
Cyperaceae

126. Setomothe
Snowwhite sedge
Cyperusniveus
Cyperaceae

127. Mustaka
Nut sedge
Cyperusrotundus
Cyperaceae

128. Fragrant spikesedge
Cyperussesquiflorus
Cyperaceae

129. Takraa
Crowfoot grass
Dactyloctenium
aegyptium
Poaceae

130. Dhattura
Downy thorn apple
Daturainnoxia
Solanaceae

131. Scorpion tick trefoil
Desmodium scorpiurus
Fabaceae

132. Creeping tick trefoil
Desmodium triflorum?
Fabaceae

133. Shedagrass
Dicanthiumannulatum?
Poaceae

134. Kakajangha
Panicledfoldwing
Dicliptera
paniculata
Acanthaceae

135. Navananji
Woollydicoma
Dicomatomentosa
Asteraceae

136. Kunanjara
False amaranth
Digeraarvensis
Amaranthaceae

137. Southern crab
grass
Digitaria
ciliaris?
Poaceae

138. Crab grass
Digitariasanguinalis
Poaceae

139. Viper grass
Dinebraretroflexa
Poaceae

140. Apashtambhini
Lollipop climber
Diplocyclos
palmatus
Cucurbitaceae

141. JangliJhangora(Hindi)
Jungle rice
Echinochloacolona, Poaceae

142. Barushama (Bengali)
Barnyard grass
Echinochloacrusgalli
Poaceae

143. Bhringaraj
False daisy
Ecliptaprostata
Asteraceae

144. Bhringaraj
False daisy
Ecliptaprostata
Asteraceae

145. Nandimukhi
Indian crowfoot grass
Eleusineindica
Poaceae

146. Sasasruti
Cupid’s shaving brush
/Purple sow thistle
Emilia sonchifolia
Asteraceae

147. Feather lovegrass
Eragrostisambilis
Poaceae

148. Eragrostiscilianensis?
Poaceae

149. Little lovegrass
Eragrostisminor ?
Poaceae

150. Indian lovegrass
Eragrostispilosa?
Poaceae

151. Eragrostisspecies ?
Poaceae

152. Purple lovegrass
Eragrostisspectabilis?
Poaceae

153. Chinese love grass
Eragostrisuniloides
Poaceae

154. Flaxleaffleabane
Erigeron bonariensis
Asteraceae

155. Erigeron sublyratus
Asteraceae

156. Wild poinsettia
Euphorbia heterophylla
Euphorbiaceae

157. Dugdhika,
Asthma plant
Euphorbia hirta
Euphorbiaceae

158. Graceful sandmat
Euphorbia hypercilifolia
Euphorbiaceae

159. Nodding spurge
Euphorbia nutans?
Euphorbiaceae

160. Rongoalathi(Oriya)
Prostate sandmat
Euphorbia prostata
Euphorbiaceae

161. Carnation spurge
Euphorbia terracina
Euphorbiaceae

162. Vishnukrantha
Dwarf morning glory
Evolvulusalsinoides
Convolvuaceae

163. Vishnukranta
Dwarf morning glory
Evolvulusalsinoides
Convolvulaceae

164. Shaggy dwarf morning glory
Evolvulusnuttallianus?
Convolvulaceae

165. Hoorah grass
Fimbristylismiliacea
Cyperaceae

166. One spike fimbry
Fimbristylisovata
Cyperaceae

167. Valuka
Sand herbage
Gisekiapharnaceoides
Gisekiaceae

168. Gandhi buti(Hindi)
Lotus sweetjuice
Glinuslotoides
Molluginaceae

169. Ushnasundara
Slender carpetweed
Glinusoppositifolius
Molluginaceae

170. Ushnasundara
Carpetweed
Glinusoppositifolius?
Molluginaceae

171. Neerubogadabanthi(Telugu)
Water globehead
Gomphrena celosioides
Amaranthaceae

172. Prostate Gomphrena ?
Gomphrena serrata?
Amaranthaceae

173. Namuti(Bengali)
Madras carpet
Grangeamedaraspatana
Asteraceae

174. Seaforth
heliotrope
Heliotropium
marifolium
Boraginaceae

175. Chitiphul(Hindi)
Bristly heliotrope
Heliotropiumstrigosum
Boraginaceae

176. Chitiphul(Hindi)
Bristly heliotrope
Heliotropium
strigosum
Boraginaceae

177. Anantamul/ Nannari
Indian Sarsaparilla
Hemidesmus indicus
Apocynaceae

178. Shoolampullu(Malayalam)
Black speargrass
Heteropogon contortus
Poaceae

179. Machika
Kenaf/ Deccan hemp
Hibiscus cannabinus
Malvaceae

180. Machika
Kenaf/ Deccan hemp
Hibiscus cannabinus
Malvaceae

181. Atakanara(Telugu), Lobe leafed mallow
Hibiscus lobatus, Malvaceae

182. Kallaichedi(Tamil)
Tiny flower hibiscus
Hibiscus micranthus
Malvaceae

183. Purusharatna
Spade plant
Hybanthusenneaspermus
Violaceae

184. Common thatching grass
Hyparrheniahirta
Poaceae

185. VilayatiTulsi
(Hindi)
American mint
Hyptissuaveolens
Lamiaceae

186. Silky indigo
Indigoferaastragalina
Fabaceae

187. Sticky indigo
Indigoferacolutea?
Fabaceae

188. Heart leaf indigo
Indigoferacordifolia
Fabaceae

189. Pandarphali
Narrowleafindigo
Indigoferalinifloia
Fabaceae

190. Narrowleafindigo ?
Indigoferalinifloia?
Fabaceae

191. Yerrapalleru(Telugu)
Birdsvilleindigo
Indigoferalinnaei
Fabaceae

192. Coastal indigo
Indigoferaminiata?
Fabaceae

193. Three leaf indigo
Indigoferatrifoliata
Fabaceae

194. Besharam(Hindi), Bush morning glory
Ipomoea carnea, Convolvulaceae

195. Nakhari
Tiny morning glory
Ipomoea eriocarpa
Convolvulaceae

196. Kaladana
Ivy leaved morning glory
Ipomoea hederacea
Convolvulaceae

197. Kanavalikkodi(Tamil)
Scarlet morning glory
Ipomoea hederifolia
Convolvulaceae

198. Lakshmana Obscure morning glory
Ipomoea obscura Convolvulaceae

199. Pulichuvadi(malayalam)
Tigerfootmorning glory
Ipomoea pes-tigridis
Convolvulaceae

200. Little bell morning glory
Ipomoea triloba
Convolvulaceae

201. GlaucousJusticia
Justicia glauca
Acanthaceae

202. Kalmashi(Marathi)
Water willow/Shrimp plant
Justicia procumbens
Acanthaceae

203. Kharmor(Hindi)
Creeping rungia
Justiciasimplex
Acanthaceae

204. Jharwad
(Marathi)
Silk leaf /
American
Soft head
Lagascea
mollis
Asteraceae

205. Chaturangi
Red sage /
Shrub verbena
Lantana camara
Verbenaceae

206. Ranabheri(Telugu)
Lion’s ear
Leonotisnepetifolia
Lamiaceae

207. Surya kantha
Crested lepidagathes
Lepidagathescristata
Acanthaceae

208. Dronapushpi, Common leaucas
Leucasaspera, Lamiaceae

209. Purple bush bean
Macroptiliumatropurpureum
Fabaceae

210. False mallow
Malvastrum
coromandelianum
Malvaceae

211. Sunishannaka
Four leaf clover
Marsileaquadrifolia
Marsileaceae

212. Rose Natal grass
Melinisrepens
Poaceae

213. Chocolate weed
Melochiacorchorifolia
Malvaceae

214. Akhuparni
Kidney leaf morning glory
Merremiaemarginata
Convolvulaceae

215. Pradharini(Malayalam)
Arrowleafmorning glory
Merremiatridentata
Convolvulaceae

216. Lajjalu, Lajwanti
Touch me not
Mimosa pudica
Fabaceae

217. Sandhyamalati Four o’clock plant
Mirabilis jalapa Nyctaginaceae

218. Tropical girdlepod
Mitracarpushirtus
Rubiaceae

219. Threadstem carpetweed
Mollugocerviana
Molluginaceae

220. Nakedstem carpetweed
Mollugonudicaulis
Molluginaceae

221. Verrichatarasi(Telugu)Five leaved carpetweed ?
Mollugopentaphylla? Molluginaceae

222. Mollugo/Glinusspecies ? Molluginaceae

223. Kshudraparna
Wild/Hoary basil
Ocimumamericanum
Lamiaceae

224. Sabja Sweet basil
OcimumbasilicumLamiaceae

225. Kanchangoorai (Tamil)
Long stamen basil
Ocimumfilamentosum
Lamiaceae

226. Tulsi
Holy basil
Ocimumtenuiflorum
Lamiaceae

227. Daman pappar(Hindi)
Corymbdiamond flower
Oldenlandiacorymbosa
Rubiaceae

228. Oldenlandiadiffusa?
Rubiaceae

229. Chayaparpatika
Slender diamond
flower
Oldenlandia
herbacea
Rubiaceae

230. Oldenlandia
stricta?
Rubiaceae

231. Imbural(Tamil)
Chayroot
Oldenlandiaumbellata
Rubiaceae

232. Trivrit
Indian jalap
Operculinaturpethum
Convolvulaceae

233. Duck lettuce
Otteliaalismoides
Hydrocharitaceae

234. Changeri
Creeping wood sorrel
Oxalis corniculata
Oxalidaceae

235. Panicum capillare?
Poaceae

236. Panicum
dichotomiflorum
?
Poaceae

237. Panicumeffusum?
Poaceae

238. Creeping panic
Panicumrepens?
Poaceae

239. Vishalata
Carrot grass/Santa Maria
Parthenium hysterophorus
Asteraceae

240. Dallisgrass
Paspalumdilatatum?
Poaceae

241. Paspalumspecies ?
Brachiariaspecies ?
Poaceae

242. Paspalumspecies ?
Brachiariaspecies ?
Poaceae

243. Paspalumspecies ?
Brachiariaspecies ?
Poaceae

244. Jhumkalata(Hindi)
Stinking passion flower
Passiflorafoetida
Passifloraceae

245. Netrabala
Fragrant swamp mallow
Pavoniaodorata
Malvaceae

246. Pavoniaspecies ?
Malvaceae

247. Ceylon swamp mallow
Pavoniazeylanica
Malvaceae

248. Deenanathgrass
Pennisetumpedicellatum
Poaceae

249. Visanika
Hair knot plant /
Stinking swallowwort
Pergulariadaemia
Apocynaceae

250. Narivalpullu(Tamil)
Indian comet grass
Perotisindica
Poaceae

251. Sheral(Marathi)
Denseflowerknotweed
Persicriaglabra
Polygonaceae

252. Jalapippali
Frog fruit
Phyla nodiflora
Verbenaceae

253. Bhumyamalaki
Gale of wind /
Shatterstone
Phyllanthus
amarus
Phyllanthaceae

254. TukhamKanocha
Madras leaf flower
Phyllanthus madaraspatensis
Phyllanthaceae

255. Krishna-kamboji
Black berried featherfoil
Phyllanthusreticulatus
Phyllanthaceae

256. Virgateleaf flower
Phyllanthusvirgatus
Phyllanthaceae

257. Country
gooseberry
Physalisangulata
Solanaceae

258. Tankari
Ground cherry
Physalisminima ?
Solanaceae

259. Swtrawberry tomato
Physalis pruinosa
Solanaceae

260. Munjhurukha(Bengali)
Indian marsh fleabane
Plucheaindica
Asteraceae

261. Chitrak
White leadwort
Plumbagozeylanica
Plumbaginaceae

262. Bhisatta
Oldman’s cap
Polycarpaea
corymbosa
Caryophyllaceae

263. Gulpankhi
Woolly-Winged Milkwort
Polygala erioptera
Polygalaceae

264. Lonika
Common purslane
Portulacaoleracea
Portulacaceae

265. Kolimulaiyan(Tamil)
Pink purselane/ kiss
me quick
Portulacapilosa
Portulacaceae

266. Laghulonika
Chicken weed
Portulacaquadrifolia
Portulacaceae

267. Vilayatikikar
Indian mesquite
Prosopisjuliflora
Fabaceae

268. Pulicariaspecies
Asteraceae

269. Sontikli
False fleabane
Pulicariawightiana
Asteraceae

270. Pupalvalli(Malayalam)
Forest burr
Pupalialappacea
Amaranthaceae

271. Grey snout bean
Rhynchosiacana
Fabaceae

272. Clustered flower
snout bean
Rhynchosia
capitata
Fabaceae

273. DhakthaRanghevada
(Marathi)
Burn mouth vine
Rhynchosiaminima
Fabaceae

274. Rough Mexican clover
Richardia scabra
Rubiaceae

275. Rough Mexican clover
Richardia scabra
Rubiaceae

276. Nucha kura
(Telugu)
Indian Rothia
Rothiaindica?
Fabaceae

277. Kali Dhawani(Marathi)
Bell weed
Ruelliaprostrata
Acanthaceae

278. Waterkanon
Ruelliatuberosa
Acanthaceae

279. Avartaki
Tanner’s Cassia
Sennaauriculata
Fabaceae

280. Kasamarda
Coffee senna
Sennaoccidentalis
Fabaceae

281. Serra tora?
Senna obtusifolia?
Fabaceae

282. One leaf senna
Sennauniflora
Fabaceae

283. Yellow foxtail grass
Setariapumila
Poaceae

284. Bristly foxtail
Setariaverticillata
Poaceae

285. Shiruparuva(Malayalam)
Common wireweed/
Broom weed
Sidaacuta
Malvaceae

286. Bhumibala
Heart leaf fan petals
Sidacordata
Malvaceae

287. Badiyalaka
Heart leaf sida
Sidacordifolia
Malvaceae

288. Golden mallow
Sidafallax?
Malvaceae

289. Kantakinibala
Prickly fan petals
Sidaspinosa
Malvaceae

290. Wild mustard
Sinapisarvensis?
Brassicaceae

291. American nightshade
Solanumamericanum ?
Solanaceae

292. Kakamachi
Black nightshade
Solanumnigrum?
Solanaceae

293. Sundakkai(Tamil)
Turkey berry
Solanumtorvum
Solanaceae

294. Kantakari
Yellow berried nightshade
Solanumxanthocarpum
Solanaceae

295. Prickly sow thistle
Sonchusasper?
oleraceus?
Asteraceae

296. Common sow thistle
Sonchusoleraceus
Asteraceae

297. Bitter sow thistle
Sonchuswightianus?
Asteraceae

298. Johnson grass
Sorghum halepense
Poacea

299. Madanaghanti
Shaggy button weed
Spermacoce articularis/
hispida
Rubiaceae

300. Madanaghanti
Shaggy button weed
Spermacoce articularis/
hispida
Rubiaceae

301. Gorakhmundi
East Indian globe thistle
Sphaeranthus indicus
Asteraceae

302. Seemakongini
(Malayalam)
Blue snakeweed
Stachytarpheta
jamaicensis
Verbenaceae

303. Denseflowerwitchweed
Striga densiflora
Orobanchaceae

304. Saalikampa(Telugu)
Shrubby pencil flower
Stylosanthesfruticosa
Fabaceae

305. Sharapunkha
Fish poison / Wild indigo
Tephrosiapurpurea
Fabaceae

306. Tephrosiasubtriflora?
Uniflora?
Fabaceae

307. Kanthalu
Rock Tephrosia
Tephrosiauniflora?
Fabaceae

308. Red hoary pea
Tephrosiavicioides? Fabaceae

309. Nuguvempali(Telugu)
Shaggy wild indigo/
Hoary Tephrosia
Tephrosiavillosa
Fabaceae

310. Nuguvempali(Telugu)
Shaggy wild indigo/Hoary Tephrosia
Tephrosiavillosa?
Fabaceae

311. Amrita / Guduchi/ Giloy
Heart leaved moonseed
Tinosporacordifolia
Menispermaceae

312. Stalked burgrass
Tragus racemosus
Poaceae

313. Dhanapatra
Desert horse purselane
Trianthemaportulacastrum
Aizoaceae

314. Gokshura
Puncturevine
Tribulusterrestris
Zygophyllaceae

315. Adhapushpi
Indian borage
Trichodesma indicum
Boraginaceae

316. Ambusirishika Camel bush
Trichodesma zeylanicum Boraginaceae

317. Mundagoose (Kannada)
Peninsular camel thistle
Tricholepisradicans, Asteraceae

318. Jayanti veda
Coat buttons
Tridaxprocumbens
Asteraceae

319. Jhinjhirita
Chinese burr
Triumfettarhomboidea
Malvaceae

320. Wild alder
Turnerasubulata
Passifloraceae

321. Gundra
Narrowleafcattail
Typhaangustifolia
Typhaceae

322. Lapetua(Hindi)
Caesar weed,
Congo jute
Urenalobata?
Malvaceae

323. Bur mallow
Urenasinuata
Malvaceae

324. Bristly signal grass
Urochloasetigera?
Brachiariaramosa?
Poaceae

325. Bristly signal grass
Urochloasetigera?
Poaceae

326. Moth bean
Vignaaconitifolia?
Fabaceae

327. Nirgundi
Chinese chaste tree
Vitexnegundo
Lamiaceae

328. Sleepy morning / Leather coat
Waltheriaindica
Malvaceae

329. Large cocklebur
Xanthium orientale
Asteraceae

330. Ghagra(Hindi)
Cocklebur
Xanthium strumarium
Asteraceae

331. Nelabariki(Telugu)
Grasslikezornia
Zorniagibbosa
Fabaceae

332. To see a World in a Grain of Sand
and a Heaven in a Wild Flower
Hold Infinity in the Palm of your Hand
and Eternity in an Hour
William Blake, Auguries of Innocence

333. Common weeds and plants
a photo identification guide
May 2024 edition
K Srinivas
S Sridevi