IDENTIFICATION OF FIBRES.ppt

A "fibre" is defined as any product capable of being woven or otherwise made into a fabric. 
Identification of fibre , classification

1. By:
Mrs.R.Subha, M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D.,
Assistant Professor of Home Science
IDENTIFICATION OF
FIBRES

2. FIBRE
A"fibre"isdefinedasanyproductcapableofbeing
wovenorotherwisemadeintoafabric.

3. TYPES OF FIBRE
FIBRE
NATURAL FIBRE
VEGETABLE FIBRE
(cotton, sisal, hemp,
bamboo)
ANIMAL FIBRE
(wool, silk)
MINERAL FIBRE
(asbestos, glass, metal,
basalt)
MAN MADE FIBRE
(Synthetic Fibre)
(Polyester, Aramid,
Acrylic, Nylon,
Spandex, Olefin, Ingeo,
Lurex)

4. FIBRE IDENTIFICATION
METHODS
Typesoffibrecanbeidentifiedbyusing
differentmethodswhicharelistedbelow,
•Feeling Test
•Burning Test
•Solubility Test
•Microscopic Test

5. FEELING TEST
Itisasubjectivetest.
Specialskillinhandlingmanydifferentfabricsovera
periodoftimeisrequired.
Itperformdependsuponindividualperception.
Example,
oWool–Whiletouching,feelingwarmthinfingers
oLinenorrayon–Feelscoldtotouch
oCotton–Soft,Inelastic,Cold

6. BURNING TEST

7. BURN TEST FOR COTTON
Flame:BurningQuickly,orange/yellowflame
Odor:paperburninglikeodor
Residue:Lightandfeatherygrayash,ashisblack
ifmercerized
ApproachingFlame:Doesnotshrinkaway,
Scorches,ignitesquickly
RemovedFromFlame:Continuestoburnrapidly
hasafterglow
Ash:Afterburningit’sconvertingintoashesgray
orblackpowder

8. BURN TEST FOR SILK
Flame:Whenweburnsilkit’screateorangeflame,burns
slowly,sputters.
Odor:Hairburninglikeodor
Action:Burns
Residue:GrayandwhitepowderRoundshinyblackbead
easytocrush
ApproachingFlame:smolderandcurlsawayfromflame
RemovedFromFlame:burnwithdifficulty,ceaseto
flame
Ash:Afterburningit’sconvertingblackashes

9. BURN TEST FOR WOOL
Flame:Burning slowly with small flickering flame, sizzle and
curl, orange /Sputters flame
Odor:hair burning like odor
Action:Burns
Residue:Black bead of ash which crushes easily when cold
Crisp, dark ash, round irregular bead, easy to crush
Approaching Flame:Smolder and curls away from flame,
ignites slowly
Removed From Flame:Ceases to flame
Ash:After burning it’s converting into black ashes /crumbles

10. BURN TEST FOR RAYON
Flame:Yellow orange flame, burns evenly,
does not smolder, no smoke Burn more quickly
compare to cotton
Odor:The burning smell like a burning leaves
or paper
Residue:Light and feathery gray ash
Approaching Flame:Scorches, ignite quickly
Removed From Flame:Continues to burn
rapidly has no afterglow
Ash:Leaves only a slight ash

11. BURNING TEST

12. SOLUBILITY TEST
Thismethodofidentificationisdifficultasfibers
thatarechemicallysimilarhavebeendeveloped
morefibersareblendedandmixedfabrics.
Thereisnoindividualsolventorchemical
identificationforeachfibre.
Thereisnosinglesolventprocedureforseparating
andidentifyingfibersincombinations.

13. MICROSCOPIC TEST
More accurate for natural fibres.
Can be viewed with a magnification of atleast 100
power.
It is difficult for man made fibres to get identified
under this method because some are very similar.
Certain finishing process can affect the appearance
of fibre under the microscope.
Very dark colored fabrics cannot be identified
under microscope.

14. Microscopic identification of
Cotton
Longitudinal View
Mature flat and ribbon-like with convolutions,
thick wall and small lumen
Immature very thin wall and a large lumen with
few convolutions
Dead very thin and almost transparent
Mercerized smooth and cylindrical, fewer
convolutions and lumen or sometimes may be absent
Cross-Sectional View
Kidney Shaped
Elliptical
Very thin like a strip
Nearly round or circular

15. Microscopic identification of Wool
Longitudinal View
Cylindrical, irregular, rough surface,
scale-like structure, dark medulla
may appear on coarse wool fibres
Cross-Sectional View
Nearly round or circular, medulla
may appear

16. Microscopic identification of Silk
Longitudinal View
Smooth surface, Structure less,
triangular shaped transparent rod
(Wild silk/Tussah silk –broader fibre
with fine, longitudinal lines passing
across filament)
Cross-Sectional View
Triangular shape with rounded
corners(Tussah silk flat wedge or
spindle-shaped

17. Microscopic identification of
Polyester
Longitudinal View
Structureless, uniform diameter,
rod-like appearance
Cross-Sectional View
Circular

18. THANK YOU