Identification of Indicators

INDICATORS

1. INDICATORS EDUCATION PRODUCTION FUNCTION DEM 412 Education Management Information System AMALIA D. AQUINO Discussant

2. INDICATORS Measures of a component - or of the interaction or relationship of components of education (input, process, output or outcome). This includes individual (student, teacher) and/or system performance along dimensions judged important in planning and resource allocation e.g. test scores as an indicator of student achievement.

3. What are INDICATORS? An indicator is a specific, observable and measurable characteristic that can be used to show changes or progress a program is making toward achieving a specific outcome . There should be at least one indicator for each outcome. The indicator should be focused, clear and specific.

4. What are INDICATORS? An indicator should be defined in precise, unambiguous terms that describe clearly and exactly what is being measured. Indicators do not specify a particular level of achievement -- the words “improved”, “increased”, or “decreased” do not belong in an indicator.

5. PERFORMANCE INDICATORS Performance indicators relate inputs to process or outputs to inputs. Examples include student/ teacher ratio units, and textbooks per student.

6. PERFORMANCE INDICATORS An indicator of education performance is defined as the relationship between one component of the educational system - pupils - and another such as teachers in terms of their interaction within the system. Two variables are combined to form a ratio indicator. It is measured or "derived" from two variables relate inputs to process or outputs to inputs. Examples include student/ teacher ratio units, and textbooks per s tudent.

7. EDUCATION PRODUCTION FUNCTION ( EPF ) The education production function (EPF)  underlies all quantitative research on the effects of school resources. The EPF is rooted in the economic theory of production and is defined as all the combinations of inputs that produce any given set of school outputs (e.g., test scores).

8. Project analysis slide 3 The four components of system: INPUTS PROCESSES OUTPUTS OUTCOMES R eal resources used in education. The interactions between students and inputs and among in teaching/learning processes and contexts (in the classroom or library. Attendance and absenteeism by students and teachers and such factors as administrative characteristics (e.g., autonomy) are other examples. T he direct and more immediate results or effects of education such a students graduated and increments to test scores. Ultimate or eventual effects of education such as increased earnings employment contribution to productivity improved health, decreased crime and other non-monetary outcomes of education. Indicators are usually classified as belonging to one or other of these four categories.

9. General Features A good indicator, when measured, has the following properties: a ) focuses on measurable variables b ) describes central features of the education system c ) links to the system's goals by providing a measure of progress or change d ) relevant to education policy e ) problem oriented f ) possesses some predictive value g ) generally accepted as statistically valid and reliable h ) data scope or elements are collectible in terms of time, expertise and cost i ) comprehensive and meaningful j ) understandable to all major interested users k ) identifies trends over time I ) applicable or useful at different levels (national to sub-national, to management to grassroots/schools)

10. SCHOOL-BASED MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT TOOL ( DepED Order NO. 83 s. 2012) with CONTEXTUALIZED MEANS OF VERIFICATIONS (MOVs)

11. Thank You