IDENTIFY, EVALUATE AND CONTROL HAZARD AND RISK.pptx

Identify, evaluate and control hazard

1. IDENTIFY, EVALUATE AND CONTROL HAZARD AND RISK BY NURSE ROCHELLE SARMIENTO,R. N.

2. HAZARDS AND RISK Hazard is anything that may cause harm to an individual, such as chemicals, electricity among others. Risk is the possibility that somebody could be harmed by these and other hazards and the indication of how serious the harm can be.  2

3. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY It is the campaign and maintenance of the well-being of workers in every occupation.   It talks about providing a safe working environment to achieve an injury-free workplace and a healthy atmosphere that protects every worker against illness.   3

4. TYPE OF HAZARD AND CAREGIVING Physical hazards   Are the most normal occurrences in workplaces and are usually easy to detect, however, very often are neglected because people are too accustomed to them and also may be due to lack of knowledge or people do not see situations as hazards.  4

5. Examples of Physical Hazards:  Electrical Hazards : even in day care institutions or nursing homes where care should be of utmost concern, improper wiring and frayed cords may still go unnoticed.  Misuse of electrical equipment also happens in any type of work environment. 5

6. Endless Loud Noise :   if one is going to work in a nursing home, frequent noise from patients who are suffering from depression is definitely a hazard.   s pills on Floors or Tripping Hazards:   there are times when even the caregivers themselves do not mind spills on floors.  This, definitely, poses hazard to everyone.   Sharp Objects: Glass, metal fragments, knives, and other sharp items can cause cuts and punctures.  Moving Machinery: Parts of machinery can cause crushing, entanglement, or other injuries.  Radiation: Exposure to radiation, including ionizing and non-ionizing forms, can cause burns, radiation sickness, and other health problems.  Extreme Temperatures: Exposure to extremely high or low temperatures can cause heatstroke, hypothermia, and frostbite. 6

7. B. Biological hazards Come from working with animals, people or infectious materials.   One of the most common hazards that a caregiver faces, if one is working in a day care, hospital, hotel laundry, nursing home, laboratories. 1. Blood or other Body Fluids  2. Fungi  3. Bacteria   4. Viruses   5.Contaminated Wastes 7

8. C. Ergonomic hazards   are physical factors in the workplace that can lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) or injuries. These hazards can include awkward postures, repetitive motions, forceful exertions, and improper lifting techniques.  Performing tasks that require lifting heavy loads. Holding body parts for long period of time Too much bending and reaching.      Repeating the same movements over and over Standing for long periods of time.    Awkward movements, especially if they are repetitive  8

9. D. Chemical hazards  the potential for a chemical substance to cause harm to health or property, or to damage the environment. These hazards can be categorized as either health hazards, which pose risks to human health, or physicochemical hazards, which relate to the physical properties of the chemical and how they can cause harm through reactions or handling.  Types of Chemical Hazards: Health Hazards: These are chemicals that can cause acute or chronic health effects through various routes of  exposure, including inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion. Examples include:  Irritants:  Cause localized skin or eye irritation.  Corrosives:  Cause damage to living tissue through chemical reactions.  Toxicants:  Can cause systemic damage to organs and other body systems.  Carcinogens:  Can cause cancer.  Sensitizers:  Can cause allergic reactions after repeated exposure.  Physicochemical Hazards: These are hazards related to the physical properties of a chemical, such as its  flammability, explosiveness, or reactivity. Examples include:  Flammable/Combustible:  Can ignite and burn.  Explosive:  Can undergo rapid expansion of gas, causing a forceful rupture.  Oxidizers:  Can support combustion and potentially cause fire.  Reactive/Pyrophoric:  Can react violently with other materials or air.  Compressed Gas:  Can expand rapidly and potentially cause injuries. 9

10. E. Psychological hazards  a work-related factor that can negatively impact mental health and well-being, potentially leading to stress, anxiety, depression, or other psychological disorders, as well as physical health problems. These hazards are not directly caused by physical substances or objects, but rather stem from the way work is designed, organized, and managed, including the social and economic contexts of work. Not physical: Unlike physical hazards (like chemicals or machinery), psychological hazards don't involve tangible risks to safety. Impact on mental health: They can cause or exacerbate mental health problems like anxiety, depression, or PTSD.  Work-related stress: They can contribute to work-related stress, which can manifest in both psychological and physical health problems.  Broad social and organizational factors: They extend beyond the immediate work environment and can include issues like job insecurity, lack of recognition, and poor work-life balance.  10

11. Examples of psychological hazards: Workplace violence or harassment:  Exposure to violence or harassment can have a significant impact on an individual's mental health.  Lack of job security:  Concerns about losing one's job can lead to stress and anxiety.  Poor social support:  A lack of support from colleagues or supervisors can negatively impact an individual's well-being.  Unclear roles and responsibilities:  Ambiguity about one's job duties can lead to stress and anxiety.  Work overload and long hours:  Excessive workload and demanding work hours can contribute to stress and burnout.  Lack of recognition or appreciation:  Feeling unappreciated for one's work can negatively impact morale and motivation.  Poor work-life balance:  Difficulty balancing work and personal life can lead to stress and fatigue.  Organizational changes:  Major organizational changes can create uncertainty and stress for employees.  Lack of control or autonomy:  Feeling like one has little control over their work or decision-making can lead to feelings of powerlessness 11

12. PRACTICAL WAYS TO PREVENT HAZARD PROPER HAND WASHING WEARING OF PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTS PROPER POSTURE AND USE OF EQUIPMENTS PROPER DISPOSAL OF WASTE 12

13. Hierarchy of Hazard Control (from most effective to least effective) Elimination 🔹 Remove the hazard completely. ✅ Example: Stop using a toxic chemical and switch to a safer method. Substitution 🔹 Replace the hazard with something less dangerous. ✅ Example: Use a non-toxic cleaning product instead of a harmful one. Engineering Controls 🔹 Isolate people from the hazard using tools or equipment. ✅ Example: Install machine guards or ventilation systems. Administrative Controls 🔹 Change the way people work. ✅ Example: Rotate jobs to reduce exposure time, set work rules, provide safety training. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 🔹 Wear protective gear to reduce exposure to hazards. ✅ Example: Helmets, gloves, masks, goggles. 13

14. 💡 How to Control Hazard and Risk Step-by-Step: 1. Identify Hazards Look for anything that could cause harm (chemicals, equipment, environment, tasks). 2. Evaluate Risks Determine how likely the hazard will cause harm and how severe the harm could be. 3. Control the Hazard Using the Hierarchy Always aim for the highest level of control possible (start from Elimination). Combine multiple controls if needed (e.g., use Engineering + PPE). 4. Monitor and Review Regularly check if controls are working. Update procedures when new hazards are found. 📌 Example Scenario: Hazard: Loud noise from factory machines. Risk: Hearing loss over time. Control Measures Using the Hierarchy: Eliminate – Remove the noisy machine completely (not always possible). Substitute – Use a quieter machine. Engineering – Install soundproof barriers. Administrative – Limit time workers spend near the noise. PPE – Provide earplugs or earmuffs. 14