IGCSE ICT - ICT Applications - Ajiro Tech - Part 1

These slides explores communication modeling in financial and civil engineering, flood water and traffic management, and weather forecasting. It also covers computer-controlled systems and school management systems, highlighting their applications and importance in various domains of modern technology and administration.
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1. WEEK 2to 3
ICT APPLICATIONS –CHAPTER 6
IT IS IMPORTANT YOU WRITE NOTES INTO
YOUR ICT NOTEBOOK
YOUR TEXTBOOK IS ALSO VERY IMPORTANT.
Page on the Textbook: 110 Part 1

2. ❖Communication
❖Modelling Applications
❖Computer Controlled Systems
❖School Management Systems
Chapter 6
:
ICT Applications
Ajiro Ndi
There are several communication systems that make use of ICT
technology. For example:
▪newsletters and posters
▪websites
▪multimedia presentations
▪media streaming
▪e-publications.
Table of Contents

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ICT Applications
Chapter 6
:
ICT Applications
1 Communication
Paper Based
Types of Communication & Purpose Use of Computers
Newsletter: very useful method for getting important information to a target group. If, for
example, you are doing a fundraising exercise, a well presentednewsletter to accompany
the fundraising would be invaluable.
Newsletters can be either printed out or available online as an e-publication (see
later in this chapter); the method used depends on who the target audience is.
With a printed document handed personally to somebody, you can be certain they have
seen the newsletter –but in both cases it is nearly impossible to be certain
that they have read it!
•Save and insert
pictures from clipart,
Internet, scanned
images & digital
camera.
•Adjust the page layout.
•Create and
Insert
Tables/charts
•Formatting the layout
of the document.
•Applying effects
to images (crop,
colourscale,
rotate etc.)
Text Formatting
•Font Style
•Bold
•Alignment (left,
centre, right and
fully justified)
•underline
•Italic
•colour
Posters: are a good way of publicising, for example, a sporting event or an
advertisement for a forthcoming movie. A sporting event poster would need to include at
least the following information: what the event is and where it will take place, date, time
and place of event, admission fees (if any).
posters can be printed out using high-quality printers or
can be posted online. Printed posters can be any size. Large posters have the
advantage that they are eye-catching and usually very difficult to miss. They are
used in many countries on the sides of roads so motorists see them on their way to
work.

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ICT Applications
1 Communication
Computer Based Cartoons (Animations)
Types of Communication & Purpose Animations can
also
Websites specialist software
•Websites tend to be used to advertise goods or services which
require national or international coverage. They can cover almost
anything from car sales to advertising a musician’s forthcoming
album.
products.
Music Scores
Multimedia Presentations
•use of sound and animation/video effects which are more likely to
grab the attention of the audience, and can make the presentation
easier to understand
Media streaming
on computers. Can
be used as part
of adverts or
slogans.
•when users watch movies/videos or listen to music on devices
connected to the internet. When using media streaming there is
no need to download and save the video or audio files.
•Streaming is a continuous transmission of video or audio files
from a remote server where the files are stored. This means data
is transmitted and played in real time.
Chapter 6
:
ICT Applications
Ajiro Ndi

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ICT Applications
1 Communication
e-publications
Most material which is published on paper is also available in an electronic
format. For example:
•e-books
•digital magazines
•digital newspapers
•digital libraries.
In all cases, the publication can be downloaded to a device connected to the internet where it can be
read. Moving between pages is usually done by swiping a finger across the screen. E-publications also
have the advantage that pages can be expanded in sizeand it is possible to include media, which
would be impossible with the more traditional paper-based publications.
In all cases, the publication can be downloaded to a device connected to the internet where it can be
read. Moving between pages is usually done by swiping a finger across the screen. E-publications also
have the advantage that pages can be expanded in sizeand it is possible to include media, which
would be impossible with the more traditional paper-based publications.
Chapter 6
:
ICT Applications
Ajiro Ndi

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ICT Applications
Chapter 6
:
ICT Applications
1 Communication Applications
Mobile Based Voice Over Internet
Protocol
(VoIP)
Types of Communication & Purpose
is a method
used to talk to
people using
the internet.
Phone Calls:is its ability to make a phone call on the move. Because
mobile phones are so small and they have their own power source, they are
an ideal way of keeping in touchanywhere, provided there is a network signal.
SMS or Text Messaging: allows a very quick way of communicating with
another person by typing on a keyboard (the keyboard is often virtual on a
mobile phone or tablet).
Video calling: Video calling uses software such as FaceTime or Zoom.
Both these options require the user to download an app.
Accessing the Internet: Access to the internet from a mobile device is
another valuable feature. Any mobile device can connect to the internet either
using a wireless broadband connection or via the mobile phone network. Due
to the use of smaller screens, internet pages displayed on mobile phones are
often different to those on desktop or laptop computers.

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ICT Applications
2 Modelling Applications
Computer Modelling
A simulationis the creation of a model of a real system in order tostudy the behaviour of the system. The model is
computer-generated and is based on mathematical representations.
•The whole idea is to try and find out how a system behaves, predict the behaviour of the system in the future and
see if it is possible to influence this future behaviour.
•Examples where computer modelling is used include:personal finance, bridge and building design, flood water
management, traffic management, weather forecasting
Advantages of using models
▪Using computer models is less expensive than having to
build the real thing (for example, a bridge!).
▪On many occasions it is safer to use a computer model
(some real situations are hazardous, for example,
chemical processes).
▪Computer modelling allows you to try out various
differentscenarios in advance.
▪It is nearly impossible to try out some tasks in advance in
real life because of the high risk involved or the
remoteness (for example, in space, under the sea, in
nuclear reactors, when crash testing cars, etc.).
▪It is often faster to use a computer model than do the
real thing (some applications would take years before a
result was known, for example, climate change
calculations, population growth, etc.)
Disadvantages of using models
•A model is only as good as the programmingor the data
entered; the simulation will depend heavily on these two
factors.
•Although building the real thing can be expensive,
sometimes computer modelling is also a very costly
option, and the two costs need to be compared before
deciding which to use.
•People’s reactions to the results of a simulation may not
be positive; they may not trust the results it produces
(there will always be a difference between the results
from modelling and reality).
Chapter 6
:
ICT Applications
Ajiro Ndi

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ICT Applications
Chapter 6
:
ICT Applications
Types of Modelling Application
Personal Finance
•By varying the values in column C or in column F, it would
be possible to model the shop’s profit or loss. This
example is a very simple model, but it shows the principal
of using spreadsheets to carry out any type of modelling
that can be represented in a mathematical form.
Spreadsheets are often used in some form to carry out
financial modelling.
Weather
forecasting
•Weather stations are set up to automatically gather data from
the environment.
They are usually automatic and use a variety of sensors to
measure:
•rainfall, Temperature, wind speed, wind direction, barometric
pressure (air pressure), humidity.
Bridge and
building design
•When an engineer or architect designs a new building or
bridge, it is necessary to test the design long before any
construction work is started. 3D computer modelling is
used to try out a number ofscenarios to ensure the final
design meets critical criteria.
Traffic management
•Computer modelling can be used in traffic management. We
will consider two different situations.
2 Modelling Applications

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ICT Applications
Chapter 6
:
ICT Applications
2 Modelling Applications
A computer model is a model which would replicate (simulate) the
functions of areal system.
less expensivethan
having to build the
real thing
(e.g. bridge!)
It is nearly impossibleto try out
some tasks in advance in real life
because of the high risk involved
or the remoteness (e.g., in space,
under the sea, in nuclear reactors,
when crash testing cars, etc.)
Computer modelling
allows you to try out
various different
scenarios in advance
It is often faster to use a
computer model than do the
real thing (some
applications would take
years before a result was
known, for example, climate
change calculations,
population growth, etc.)
Advantages of using models
Ajiro Ndi

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ICT Applications
3Computer Controlled Systems
Robotsare used in many areas of manufacturing, from heavy work right through to delicate operations.
Examples include: paint spraying of car bodies, welding bodywork on cars, manufacturing of microchips,
manufacturing electrical goods and stock movement in automatic warehouses.How Are Robots Used in a
Factory?
Advantages Disadvantages
•They can work non-stop (24/7) Robots find it difficult to do ‘unusual’ tasks
•Robots can be more productive than humans. They can cause higher unemployment (replacing skilled
labour)
•They can work in environments harmful to human
operators
Because robots do many of the tasks once done by
humans, there is a real risk of certain skills being lost
•They are less expensive in the long term (although
expensive to buy initially, they do not need wages).
Because robots are independent of the skills base,
factories can be moved anywhere in the world
•They provide greater consistency The initial set-up and maintenance of robots can be
expensive
Robots are programmed with a sequence
of instructions. The programmer may
guide the robot through each step
physically or by controlling the robot by
remote.
Exact sequence of
movement is
stored in the
memory.
The robot is now able to carry out
the same sequence of
instructions over and over again.
Chapter 6
:
ICT Applications

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ICT Applications
Chapter 6
:
ICT Applications
Measurement Applications
Why Use Computers to Measure Things?
•Computers do not require breaks .
•Readings are more accurate
compared to humans.
•Readings are taking more frequently.
•Data can be analysed and compared
with existing data.
•Automatic graphs can be created.
•Sensors can work in extreme
conditions which could be
dangerous for humans.
•People can complete other tasks whilst
the systems works automatically.
•If human intervention is required
then a signal will be sent to the
buzzer.
Data collected from
Sensors is in
Analogue
Analogue Signal now
can be understood
by computers.
ADC -Analogue-
to-digital converter
Ajiro Ndi

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Chapter 6
:
ICT Applications
Measurement applications
Role of Measurement Applications
Sensors are placed to measure physical
variables. The data from sensors are measured
in analogue. The analogue signal is then
converted to a digital signal using a convertor.
1 -Input devices
called sensors feed
data into the computer.
3 -As a result of the
processing, the computer
can send a signal to the
output devices called
actuators which could
change physical conditions.
Examples
Weather
Stations
Thermometer for measuring
temperature Anemometer for
measuring wind speed Wind vane
for measuring wind direction
Hygrometer for measuring humidity
Barometer for measuring atmospheric
pressure
Green
House
Sensors are placed in the green house to
measure whether plants are growing in the
correct conditions:
•Light, Moisture, Humidity, PH Levels
Patients
Vital
Signs
Sensors will be attached to the body to
monitor:
•heartbeat, blood pressure, temperature etc.
2 -The computer then
processesthe input data.
Sensor readings are compared
to the preset values.

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Chapter 6
:
ICT Applications
Microprocessors in Control Applications
Role of Microprocessor in Control Applications
•Sensor readings are compared to the pre-set value
which are inputted by the user.
•If sensor readings are below or higher then then the pre-set
valuethen a signal will be sent to the actuator to change
the physical conditions.
•Process is constantly will be repeated.
Example Process Microprocessor Output
Green HouseCompares light,
temperature, moisture to
Pre-set value.
Sends signal to actuator is
necessary.
Process is constantly repeated
•Light on/off
•Heater on/off
•Motor
open/clos
e
windows
Patients
Vital
Signs
Compares Vital signs (heartbeat,
blood pressure, temperature to
Pre-set value.
Sends signal to actuator is
necessary. Process is
constantly repeated
•Buzzer will
alert staff to
any vital
signs which
are below the
expected
values.
1 -Input devices
called sensors feed
data into the computer.
3 -As a result of the
processing, the computer
can send a signal to the
output devices called
actuators which could
change physical
conditions.
2 -The computer then
processesthe input data.
Sensor readings are compared
to
the preset values.

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Chapter 6
:
ICT Applications
Microprocessors in control applications
Green House (Temperature Example)
1Input
Sensors
Monitoring
Continuously
ADC Microprocessor
Preset:
20 Degrees
Send signals to
Motor to close
Window and
Turn Heater ON
Send signals
to Motor to
open Window
Less than < 20 Degrees
More than > 20 Degrees
Examples in a Green House
•Light
•Moisture
•Humidity
•PH Levels
Process
Repeated
Ajiro Ndi

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Chapter 6
:
ICT Applications
Type of Modelling
Application
4 School Management Systems
Schools have tomanage a number ofdifferent tasks in their day-to-day running.
These tasks include:
Registration
and attendance
records of
students
•Issue each student with an ID card. These contain a magnetic stripe
(shown in black) on the rear of the card. The student would have to
sign the card and alsowrite their unique student ID on the back of
the card.register for that particular period.
•A second method could make use of biometrics. Each student would
have their fingerprints recorded. Their personal details plus
fingerprints would be stored on a database.
Student
performance
•Teachers could make considerable use of spreadsheets to monitor
the performance of their students. Essentially, spreadsheets could
record the test results of each student over a term/year.
Computer-
aided
learning
•Computer-aided learning (CAL) is the use of computer-based
systems to assist in the academic teaching of students. They are
designed to enhance, and not replace, traditional classroom
teaching.
Ajiro Ndi