IMAGING TECHNIQUES

IMAGING TECHNIQUES

1. Imaging techniques

2. Important diagnostic tool for taking images of
dense parts of the body such as bones
is a transmission-based technique in which X-
rays from a source pass through the patient
and are detected either by film or an ionization
chamber on the opposite side of the body

3. Dual-Energy Imaging
◦produces two separate images corresponding to soft tissue
and bone
◦imaging the chest region because both soft-tissue
abnormalities and small calcifications can be visualized more
clearly
X-Ray Angiography
◦produce images that show selectively the blood vessels in the
body
◦is used to investigate diseases such as stenoses and clotting
of arteries and veins and irregularities in systemic and
pulmonary blood flow
X-Ray Fluoroscopy
◦is used for placement of stents and catheters, patient
positioning for interventional surgery, and many studies of the
GI tract

5. Uses
•determining the presence and severity of
fractures or cracks in the bone structure
•Dual-energy scanning is used for
diagnosing lung disease and detecting other
masses within the chest wall
•Vascular imaging is performed to study
compromised blood flow in the brain and
heart
•Diseases of the GI tract and the urinary tract
•Mammography

6. It involves sending very high frequency sound
waves through obtaining pictures or images from
inside the human body
also called ultrasound scanning or sonography
sound waves are reflected off the internal organs
and are sensed using appropriate equipments
Ultrasound images are captured in real time and
displayed on a television monitor

8. For the imaging of
Cardiology
Obstetrics
Gynaecology
Gastroenterology
Musculoskeletal
Urology
Vascular
Intervention
Breast
Small Parts
Endocrinology

9. X-ray computed tomography,  computed
tomography (CT scan), computed axial
tomography (CAT scan)
is a medical imaging procedure that utilizes
computer-processed X-rays to
produce tomographic images or 'slices' of specific
areas of the body

11. Diagnostic uses
◦Head
◦Lungs
◦Pulmonary angiogram
◦Cardiac
◦Abdominal and pelvic
◦Extremities
Advantages
◦eliminates the superimposition of images
◦differences between tissues that differ in physical density
can be distinguished
◦can be viewed as images in the axial, coronal, or sagittal
planes
Adverse effects
◦a small increased risk of cancer with CT scans
◦Causes nausea, vomiting and itching rashes

12. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear
magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI), or magnetic
resonance tomography (MRT) 
Developed by Felix Bloch and Edward M. Purcel
Based on the phenomenon nuclear magnetic
resonance
is a medical imaging technique used in
radiology to visualize internal structures of the
body in detail
Specialized MRI scans are available like  Diffusion
MRI, Magnetization transfer MRI, real time MRI
etc

13. Applications and uses
◦To detect tiny lesions of multiple sclerosis on Brain and
Spinal cord
◦To examine joint injuries and slipped discs in vertebral
column
◦To detect minute cancerous tumors such as brain tumors

15. Is a diagnostic examination that involves the
acquisition of physiologic images based on the
detection of radiation from the emission of
positrons
system detects pairs of gamma rays emitted
indirectly by a positron-emitting radionuclide
8F- fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG) has been used as
active molecule

16.  Applications 
◦Oncology
◦Neuroimaging
◦Cardiology
◦Pharmacology
◦Small animal imaging
◦Musculo-skeletal imaging
Limitations
◦risk from the test radiation
◦high costs 
◦Need careful planning with respect to patient scheduling
since the half life of the active molecule is less

18. Single-photon emission computed tomography
(SPECT)
is a nuclear medicine tomographic imaging technique
using gamma rays
It is able t
 information is typically presented as cross-sectional
slices through the patien to provide true 3D information
a radioisotope of gallium(III) is used as active molecule

19. tumor imaging, infection (leukocyte) imaging,
thyroid imaging or bone scintigraphy
to provide information about localised function in
internal organs, such as functional cardiac or brain
imaging
used for the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease
used in functional brain imaging