immunization in pediatrics and children.pptx

National immunization schedule

1. National Immunization Day March 16, 2024 Department of Paediatrics, MH JHANSI

2. Vaccine A preparation of a weakened or killed pathogen that stimulates antibody production or cellular immunity against the pathogen but is incapable of causing severe infection.

3. VACCINE PREVENTABLE DISEASES By Govt, free of cost:- Diphtheria , Pertusis ,Tetanus , Haemophilus influenza type-b , Hepatitis –B(Pentavac) Severe form of Childhood Tuberculosis(BCG) Polio Rotavirus Pneumococcal Measles, Rubella Japanese Encephalitis

4. National Immunization Schedule

5. INTRODUCTION WHO –Expanded program of immunization(EPI)-1974 EPI in India – Jan 1978 UNICEF -Renamed as Universal Child Immunization In India UIP (Universal Immunization Programme)-Nov 1985 National Rural Health Mission 2005

6. Vaccine Vial Monitor A label that changes colour when vaccine vial is exposed to heat over a period of time.

7. COMMON SIDE EFFECTS OF VACCINATION Pain Swelling or redness at injection site Fever Papule formation Irritability Feeling tired Muscle aches

8. SEVERE ALLERGIC REACTION Difficulty in breathing Swelling of face & throat Tachycardia A bad rash all over body Dizziness & weakness Seizure

9. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF IMMUNIZATION Minimal interval -4 weeks between two live vaccines. Eg:DPT & MMR, Two or more killed antigens may be administered simultaneously A live & inactivated viral vaccine –administered simultaneously at two different sites Delay or lapse –not required whole schedule to repeat . Missed dose can be given to resume the course .

10. Contraindications Immunodeficiency diseases Therapy with high dose steroids. Severe allergic reactions to vaccines.

11. Not contraindications Minor illness like URT infections and diarrhea mild fever prematurity allergy to penicillin , skin allergies Malnutrition recent exposures to infections current antibiotic therapy

12. Nursing Responsibilties Aseptic techniques to be followed

13. Don’t rub the injection site which is given SC Apply gentle pressure and not massage Calm by swaddling