Immuno therapeutics

Immunotherapy

1. ImmunoTherapeutics
Department of Pharmacology

2. •Itisalsosometimescalledbiologictherapyorbiotherapy.
•Itisatreatmentthatusescertainpartsoftheimmune
systemtofightdiseasesuchascancer

3. History
•WilliamColey,MD,aNewYorksurgeon,firstnoted
thatgettinganinfectionaftersurgeryseemedtohelp
somecancerpatients.
•Inthelate1800s,hebegantreatingcancerpatientsby
infectingthemwithcertainkindsofbacteria,whichcame
tobeknownascoleytoxins.
•Althoughhehadsomesuccess,histechniquewas
overshadowedwhenotherformsofcancertreatment,
suchasradiationtherapy,cameintouse.

5. How it works ?
•Immunotherapyincludesawidevarietyoftreatmentsthat
workindifferentways.
Byboostingthebody’simmunesysteminaverygeneralway.
Helpstotraintheimmunesystemtoattackcancercells
specifically.
Givingimmunesystemcomponents,suchasman-made
immunesystemproteins.

7. Monoclonal antibodies
•ManycopiesofaspecificAntibodycanbemadeinthelab.
•TheseareknownasMonoclonalAntibodies(mAbsor
moAbs).
•TheseAntibodiescanbeusefulinfightingdiseasesbecause
theycandesignedspecificallytoonlytargetacertain
antigen,suchasonethatisfoundoncancercells.
•Overthepast15years,theUSFDAhasapprovedabouta
mAbstotreatcertaincancers.

8. Types of Monoclonal Antibodies
•Twotypesofmonoclonalantibodiesareusedincancer
treatment
NakedmAbsareantibodiesthatworkbythemselves.
ConjugatedmAbsarethosejoinedtoachemotherapy
•Drug,radioactiveparticles,oratoxin.
RadiolabeledAntibodies
ChemolabeledAntibodies
Immunotoxins

9. Naked Monoclonal Antibodies
•NakedmAbscanworkindifferentways.
•Somemayboostaperson’simmuneresponseagainstcancercells.
•Otherworkbyblockingspecificproteinsthathelpcancercellsgrow
(somemaydoboth).
•Forexample–Herceptin(trastuzumab)isanantibodyagainstthe
HER2/neuprotein.
•Itisusedtotreatbreastandstomachcancersthathavelargeamounts
ofthisprotein.

10. •ConjugatedmAbsarealsosometimesreferredtoastagged,labeledor
loadedAntibodies.
•Theycanbedividedintogroupsdependingonwhattheyarelinkedto
mAbswithradioactiveparticlesattachedarereferredtoas
radiolabeled,andtreatmentwiththistypeofAntibodyis
knownasradioimmunotherapy(RIT).
mAbswithchemotherapydrugsattachedarereferredtoas
chemolabeled.
mAbsattachedtocelltoxinsarecalledimmunotoxins
Conjugated Monoclonal Antibodies

12. RadiolabeledAntibodies

13. ChemolabeledAntibodies
•ThesemAbshavepowerfulchemotherapydrugsattachedtothem.
•Thereareonly2chemolabeledantibodiesapprovedbytheFDAto
treatcanceratthistime.
Immunotoxins

14. Side effects of Monoclonal Antibodies
•Ingeneral,themorecommonsideeffectscausedbyMonoclonal
Antibodydrugsinclude
Allergicreaction,suchashivesoritching.
Flu–likesymptoms,includingchills,fatigue,fever,muscle
achesandpains.
Nausea
Diarrhea
Skinrashes