Immunoassay method and there application.pptx

Immunoassay Method And There Application

1. Immunoassay Method & Their Applications in Pharmaceutical Analysis Presented by Irfan Qureshi Babulal Tarabai Institute of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Sagar (M.P.) Under the Guidance & Supervision of Mr. Chirag Shrivastava Asst. Prof.

2. Index Introduction Definition Principle Method Types of Immunoassays Advantages of Immunoassays Disadvantages of Immunoassays Applications of Immunoassays Conclusion

3. Introduction An immunoassay (IA) is a biochemical test that measures the presence or concentration of a macromolecule or a small molecule in a solution through the use of an antibody (usually) or an antigen (sometimes). The molecule detected by the immunoassay is often referred to as an "analyte" and is in many cases a protein , although it may be other kinds of molecules, of different sizes and types, as long as the proper antibodies that have the required properties for the assay are developed. Analytes in biological liquids such as serum or urine are frequently measured using immunoassays for medical and research purposes.

4. Definition An immunoassay is a type of test that uses the specific binding between an antigen and an antibody to detect the presence of a substance in a sample.

5. Rationale Immunoassays are bioanalytical methods that use the specificity of an antigen-antibody reaction to detect and quantify target molecules in biological samples. These methods are frequently used in clinical diagnostics, drug discovery, drug monitoring, and food testing.  

6. Principle An immunoassay is a laboratory test that uses the principle of antibodies to detect the presence of specific antigens (such as hormones, proteins, viruses, or drugs) in a sample of blood, urine, or other bodily fluid.

7. Method An immunoassay is a method used to detect and measure the presence of a specific substance in a sample, such as a biological fluid like blood or urine. Immunoassays use antibodies, which are proteins produced by the immune system in response to a particular antigen, to recognize and bind to the target substance. There are several types of immunoassay methods, including: 1. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): This method uses an enzyme labeled antibody to detect the presence of the target substance. The enzyme produces a detectable signal, such as a change in color or fluorescence, when it binds to the target substance.

8. 2. Radioimmunoassay (RIA): This method uses a radioactive-labeled antibody to detect the presence of the target substance. The amount of radioactivity is proportional to the amount of target substance in the sample. 3. Fluorescence immunoassay (FIA): This method uses a fluorescent-labeled antibody to detect the presence of the target substance. The fluorescence produced by the antibody is measured to determine the amount of target substance in the sample. 4. Chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA): This method uses a chemiluminesce labeled antibody to detect the presence of the target substance. The chemiluminescen reaction produces light, which is measured to determine the amount of target substance in the sample.

9. Immunoassays are commonly used in medical diagnostics, drug testing, food safety testing, and environmental monitoring. They are highly sensitive and specific, meaning they can detect very low levels of the target substance and can distinguish it from other similar substances in the sample.

10. Types of Immunoassays Immunoassays are laboratory techniques used to detect and measure specific antigens or antibodies in sample. There are several types of immunoassays, including Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Radioimmunoassay (RIA) Fluoroimmunoassay (FIA) Chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) Luminescence immunoassay (LIA) Bead-based immunoassay

11. Advantages of Immunoassays There are several advantages of using immunoassays as a diagnostic tool, including High specificity and sensitivity Ability to detect substances at very low concentrations Widely used in various fields, including medical diagnostics, environmental testing, food safety, and drug discovery.

12. Disadvantages of Immunoassays There are several disadvantages of using immunoassays as a diagnostic tool, including Can be time-consuming and labor-intensive Can be expensive, particularly when using labeled reagents Results can be influenced by factors such as sample preparation and storage

13. Applications of Immunoassays Medical diagnostics: For the detection of diseases such as HIV, hepatitis, and cancer. Environmental testing: For the detection of pollutants and toxins in air, water, and soil. Food safety: For the detection of contaminants and pathogens in food products. Drug discovery: For the detection of drug targets and biomarkers in preclinical and clinical research.

14. Conclusion Immunoassay methods have a wide range of applications in clinical diagnostics, food safety, environmental monitoring, and research. ELISA, RIA, FIA, CLIA, and IHC are commonly used immunoassay methods. Immunoassays have revolutionized the field of medical and biological research and are likely to continue to be an important tool in the future. Summarize the key points of the presentation Emphasize the importance of immunoassays in various fields.