immunostimulants and immunosupprasants.pptx

immunostimulants and immunosupprasants.pptx

1. Immunostimulants Immunosuppressant & By:- Ravikant Sir

2. Immunostimulants They also known as Immunomodulators. They are drugs that used to increase immune response. Immunostimulants , also known as  immunostimulators , they are substances that stimulate the immune system  Immunostimulants are substance that increase the ability of immune system to fight against disease and infection.

3. USES : - Immunostimulants Immunostimulants are useful in :- Infections Cancers Immunodeficiency To prevent infections.

4. TYPES :- Immunostimulants Specific Immunostimulants Non Specific Immunostimulants Provide Antigen specific immunity. Act as antigen and stimulate antibody production EXAMPLE :- Vaccines They act against antigen or to enhance immune response by acting on T lymphocytes. EXAMPLE :- Immunoglobulins Thalidomide Interferones or cytokines Immunocynin

5. 1. Vaccines Vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. Vaccine contain certain agents which stimulates immune system to recognize the foreign agents. Vaccines are suspensions of dead microorganisms (inactivated) or attenuated but live or toxin of microorganism. Ex: BCG vaccine for tuberculosis.

6. 2. Immunoglobulins They are human gamma globulins or antibodies like natural immunoglobulins . Example Tetanus Ig Antidiptheria Ig Hepatitis Ig

7. 3. Thalidomide These are drugs that enhance cell mediated immunity by acting on T lymphocytes. They are teretogenic drugs so should be avoided in pregnancy. USES :- Multiple myeloma Lupus erythematosus

8. 4. Interferons They are cytokines. They are natural substance that helps the body's immune system fight infection and other diseases, such as cancer . Interferons are made in the body by T helper or CD4 cells. USES :- Melanoma, Kaposi sarcoma, leukemia, lymphomas. Viral infections.

9. SIDE-EFFECT (Immunostimulants) Headache, Back/joint pain. Nausea, Chills, Fatigue. Fever., Vomiting. Constipation.

10. IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT

11. IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT Immunosuppressants are drugs that inhibit immunity. They suppress cell mediated or antibody mediated immune response or both. They are mainly used in Autoimmune disease and to prevent organ transplant/graft rejection.

12. IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT Organ transplant. Inflammatory bowel disease, including  Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Lupus. Multiple sclerosis. Psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis.

13. IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT :- TYPES 1. T-Cell Inhibitors- cyclosporine, tacrolimus , sirolimus 2. Cytotoxic drugs :- Methotrexate, Azathioprine , Cyclophosphamide , Chlrambucil 3. Corticosteroids :- Methyl prednisone, Hydrocortisone, 4. Immunosuppressant antibodies :- muronomab , infliximab

14. SIDE-EFFECT Acne, Diabetes ( glucocorticoids ) Fatigue, Hair loss or growth. Headaches Trouble concentrating or remembering. High blood pressure Mouth sores. Thinning bones (osteoporosis) Weight gain. ( glucocorticoids ) Stomach upset and nausea and vomiting Blood infections like sepsis. Fungal infections like thrush and skin fungus. Skin infections like  cellulitis . Respiratory infections, including colds, flu and pneumonia.

15. This is not the END …….  Write Nursing responsibility as I discussed in class………