Impact of Green Revolution on Indian Agriculture

HOW INDIAN ECONOMY EFFECT BEFORE AND AFTER GREEN REVOLUTION

1. WOMEN’S COLLEGE, AMU SEMINAR PRESENTATION TOPIC: IMPACT OF GREEN REVOLUTION ON INDIAN AGRICULTURE SAMREEN FATIMA B.A.( HONS) VI SEMESTER SESSION : 2018-19

2. INTRODUCTION The Green Revolution in India refers to a period when Indian  agriculture was converted into an industrial system due to the adoption of modern methods and technology. The introduction of high- yielding varieties (HYV) of seeds after 1965 and the increased use of fertilizers and irrigation provided the increase in production which improved agriculture in India. During this time period, new chemical fertilizers and pesticides were created. The chemical fertilizers made it possible to supply crops with extra nutrients and increase yield. The newly developed pesticides controlled weeds, kill insects, and prevented diseases, which also resulted in higher productivity.

3. The larger Green Revolution initiated by  Norman Borlaug , which leveraged agricultural research and technology to increase agricultural productivity in the developing world. In the 1940s, he began conducting research in Mexico and developed new disease resistance high-yield varieties (HYV) of wheat. Due to the success of the Green Revolution in Mexico, its technologies spread worldwide in the 1950s and 1960s. HISTORY OF GREEN REVOLUTION Dr. M.S. Swaminathan from India led the Green Revolution as the Project. The Green Revolution in India begun in the late 1960s and with its achievement, India attained food self-sufficiency within a decade. Thus "Green Revolution" was functional in the period from 1967 to 1978 basically in parts of Punjab and Haryana. At this stage, the Green Revolution was concern only with Wheat & Rice.

4. REASONS OF GREEN REVOLUTION IN INDIA Bengal famines Lack of finance Conventional & Traditional Approach Low productivity Disease pest infestation

5. FEATURES OF THE GREEN REVOLUTION IN INDIA HYV seeds had more success with the wheat crop and were highly effective in regions that had proper irrigation. So the first stage of the Green Revolution was focused on states with better infrastructure – like Punjab The emphasis of the plan was mostly on food grains  such as wheat and rice. Increased availability and use of fertilizers to enhance the productivity of the farms. Use of pesticides and weedicides to reduce any loss or damage to the crops The introduction of technology and machinery like tractors, harvesters etc. This helped immensely to promote commercial farming in the country.

6. COMPONENTS OF GREEN REVOLUTION IN INDIA Use of fertilizers (chemical) High yielding varieties (HYV) of seeds Irrigation- surface and ground Use of insecticides and pesticides Supply of agricultural credit Farm mechanization Rural roads and marketing

7. EFFECTS OF GREEN REVOLUTION IN INDIA Increase in Production Effect on Rural Employment Reduction in Imports of food grains Development of Industries Base for Economic Growth Effect on consumers Effect on Planning Increase in Trade

8. PROBLEMS REGARDING GREEN REVOLUTION Pollution and erosion of soil Deadly diseases to human Harmful for farmers Creates Unemployment Increased gap between the rich and the poor Loss of Resistance to disease and Lots of weeds Not suited to all diets Price fluctuations

9. ADVANTAGES OF GREEN REVOLUTION India transformed itself from a starving nation to an exporter of food. This earned admiration for India in the comity of nations, especially in the Third World. Crop areas under high-yield varieties needed more water, fertilizer, pesticides, fungicides and certain other chemicals. The industrial growth created new jobs and contributed to the country's GDP. India paid back all loans it had taken from the World Bank and its affiliates due to Green Revolution. This improved India's credit worthiness in the eyes of the lending agencies. Countries which were facing a shortage in agricultural labour asked the Indian government to supply them with farmers experienced in the methods of the Green Revolution. These people remitted part of their incomes to their relatives in India.

10. DISADVANTAGES OF GREEN REVOLUTION The Green Revolution has not succeeded in making India totally and permanently self sufficient in food. In 1979 and 1987, India faced severe drought conditions due to poor monsoon. India has failed to extend the concept of high-yield value seeds to all crops in all regions. In regional terms, only Punjab and Haryana states showed the best results of the Green Revolution. But results were less impressive in other parts of India. There are places like Kalahandi (in India's eastern state of Orissa) where famine-like conditions have been existing for many years and where some starvation deaths have also been reported. The fact that some people are still starving in India, brings into question whether the Green Revolution has failed in its overall social objectives though it has been a resounding success in terms of agricultural production.  

11. WHY INDIA NEED A SECOND GREEN REVOLUTION Declining productivity of a number of crops due to unsustainable agricultural practices over the years and a galloping rate of population growth have put a severe strain on the food supply situation in the country. Thus, a number of shortcomings have been noticed in the First Green Revolution and it is right time to strive for the Second Green Revolution. The Second Green Revolution on the other hand, refers to practicing sustained agriculture. In order for development to be sustainable it must meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Equally important are development and dissemination of appropriate technologies and improved opportunities, infrastructure and regulations for marketing of agricultural products. Thus India is at a juncture where further reforms are urgently required to achieve greater efficiency- and productivity in agriculture for sustaining growth.

12. IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION OF SECOND GREEN REVOLUTION More attention of the government and non-government organizations is needed towards agriculture. Benefits of research and development must reach the farmers at the ground level for increasing yields and agricultural production. Improvement of marketing by strengthening infrastructure. Soil health enhancement. Better irrigation and water conservation strategies. Access to affordable credit Private public partnership and decentralization of partnership by the poor farmers in the development programmes.

13. CONCLUSION Due to Green Revolution there was the considerable increase in the food grains production which was extremely necessary for a country like India whose population is increasing day by day. Due to Green Revolution agricultural sector of India is able to meet the increasing demand for food grains. However, Green Revolution also has its negative consequences Like there was a considerable increase regional and personal inequality. Green revolution is only limited to certain crops like wheat and rice , and it is also limited to certain areas like Punjab and UP. India needs for the second green revolution, which promises to feed a growing population sustainably- without compromising the needs of future generations.

14. REFERENCES BOOKS- INDIA A Comprehensive Geography – D.R. Khullar Geography of India – Majid Husain Indian Economy – Misa.Puri WEBS- http://www.economicsdiscussion.net/essays/green-revolution-effects-and-limitations-of-the-green-revolution/2096 https://www.civilserviceindia.com/subject/Political-Science/notes/planning-and-economic-development-green-revolution.html https://www.toppr.com/guides/economics/indian-economy-1950-1990/green-revolution/ https://www.onlinejournal.in/IJIRV3I9/068.pdf https://www.owlgen.com/question/what-were-the-negative-impacts-of-green-revolution-on-india-agriculture https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Revolution_in_India http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/green-revolution/8-major-economical-impact-of-green-revolution-in-india/20952 http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/BOOMBOOM_MUKTI-1791096-green-revolution-positive-negative-impact-agriculture/ https://www.2thepoint.in/green-revolution-india-everything-know/ http://www.cxotoday.com/story/why-india-needs-a-second-green-revolution/