Impact of radiation pollution on human health siri

Brief impact of radiation pollution on human health

1. Presented by:
Nethravathi R
GN113011
III sem MSc.Genetics
DOS in Zoology
Impact of Radiation pollution on
HUMAN Health
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND MANAGEMENTENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND MANAGEMENT
Seminar on
Open elective paper
DOS in Environmental Science
29
th
Nov 2014

2. RADIATIONRADIATION
Radiation is the complete process in which energy is emitted
in the form of particles or waves from a particular source,
transmitted through an intervening medium or space, and
absorbed by biotic & abiotic components of the environment.

3. TYPES OF RADIATIONTYPES OF RADIATION

4. WHAT IS RADIATION POLLUTION?WHAT IS RADIATION POLLUTION?
Radiation pollution is caused by radioactive substances which
emit invisible radiation released in the environment through
human activities.
Radiation is a fact of life - all around us, all the time
The radiation pollution causes are various human activities,
that add to natural radiation background (radiation
produced everywhere in the Universe in absence of human
activities).
Radioactive pollution of the atmosphere can be defined as
any undesirable change in the atomsphere due to increase in
the natural background of radiation arising out of human
activities involving the use of naturally occuring or artifically
produced radioactive substances.

6. SOURCES OF RADIATION POLLUTIONSOURCES OF RADIATION POLLUTION
1.Nuclear explosions and detonations of nuclear weapons
2.Defense weapon production
3.Mining
4.Nuclear accidents
5.research procedures and wastes
6.medical procedures and wastes
7. nuclear power plants
8. TVs
9. computers
10. radio waves
11. cell-phones …..

8. Nuclear explosionNuclear explosion

9. Nuclear power plantNuclear power plant

10. Procedures

11. Nuclear weapons Nuclear weapons

12. Uranium miningUranium mining

13. CONTINUOUS CONTINUOUS
RADIATION RADIATION
POLLUTIONPOLLUTION
OCCASIONAL OCCASIONAL
RADIATION RADIATION
POLLUTIONPOLLUTIONNPTDhoAGoEVOeVNeAIoTALLlNeAI
NPTDhoAGoEVOeVNeAIoTALLlNeAI
TYPES OF RADIATION POLLUTIONTYPES OF RADIATION POLLUTION
ACCIDENTAL ACCIDENTAL
RADIATION RADIATION
POLLUTION POLLUTION
Eg:
Workers in
radioactive
reactors
Eg:
explosion of
reactor
Eg:
Natural disaster

14. INSTANTANEOUS INSTANTANEOUS
EFFECTEFFECT
DELAYED DELAYED
EFFECT EFFECT evTVMNoAGoEVOeVNeAIoTALLlNeAIooo
evTVMNoAGoEVOeVNeAIoTALLlNeAIooo
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AIorlvVIorDVLNr
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IMPACT OF RADIATION POLLUTION IMPACT OF RADIATION POLLUTION
ON HUMAN HEALTHON HUMAN HEALTH
PROLONGED PROLONGED
EFFECT EFFECT
• IMMEDIATE EFFECT
• LONGER EFFECT

• NO SYMPTOMS

• ADVERSE EFFECT
Eg:
hiroshima and nagasaki
 (August 1945)
killed at least 129,000 
people
Eg:
hiroshima and
nagasaki  
Effecting 3
rd
 
generation
Eg:
Cancer

15. DOSE OF DOSE OF
RADIATION RADIATION
OBSERVED OBSERVED
BY THE BODYBY THE BODY
SENSITIVITY SENSITIVITY
OF THE OF THE
PERSONPERSONGVMNAEhoeIGLlDIMeI"oNrDoevTVMNo
GVMNAEhoeIGLlDIMeI"oNrDoevTVMNo
AGoEVOeVNeAIoTALLlNeAIoAIo
AGoEVOeVNeAIoTALLlNeAIoAIo
rlvVIorDVLNr
rlvVIorDVLNr
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE IMPACT FACTORS INFLUENCING THE IMPACT
OF RADIATION POLLUTION ON OF RADIATION POLLUTION ON
HUMAN HEALTHHUMAN HEALTH
DURATION DURATION
OF OF
EXPOSUREEXPOSURE

16. FIRST MEDICAL FINDINGSFIRST MEDICAL FINDINGS
First skin-burn attributed to
radiation - 1901
First radiation induced leukemia
described -1911
First publication describing “a
clinical syndrome due to atomic
bomb” - 1946

17. RADIATION AND HUMAN CELLRADIATION AND HUMAN CELL
Primary target for cell
damage from ionizing
radiation is deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA) in chromosomes
of cell’s nuclei

23. 3)Cell survives but
mutated
Stoch.effect
1) Mutation repaired
UNVIABLE CELL
VIABLE CELL
2) Cell dies

24. Effects of Radiation on the Human BodyEffects of Radiation on the Human Body
(1) Hair
The losing of hair quickly and in clumps occurs
with radiation exposure at 200 rems or higher
(2) Brain
Since brain cells do not reproduce, they won't be
damaged directly unless the exposure is 5,000
rems or greater. Like the heart, radiation kills
nerve cells and small blood vessels, and can cause
seizures and immediate death.
(3) Thyroid
The certain body parts are more specifically
affected by exposure to different types of radiation
sources. The thyroid gland is susceptible to
radioactive iodine. In sufficient amounts,
radioactive iodine can destroy all or part of the
thyroid. By taking potassium iodide, one can reduce
the effects of exposure.
(5) Heart
Intense exposure to radioactive material at 1,000 to
5,000 rems would do immediate damage to small
blood vessels and probably cause heart failure and
death directly.
(6) Gastrointestinal Tract
Radiation damage to the intestinal tract lining will
cause nausea, bloody vomiting and diarrhea. This is
occurs when the victim's exposure is 200 rems or more.
The radiation will begin to destroy the cells in the body
that divide rapidly. These including blood, GI tract,
reproductive and hair cells, and harms their DNA and
RNA of surviving cells.
(7) Reproductive Tract
Because reproductive tract cells divide rapidly, these
areas of the body can be damaged at rem levels as low
as 200. Long-term, some radiation sickness victims will
become sterile.
4) Blood System
When a person is exposed to around 100 rems, the
blood's lymphocyte cell count will be reduced,
leaving the victim more susceptible to infection.
This is often refered to as mild radiation sickness.

25. Severe Mental RetardationSevere Mental Retardation
A study of about 1,600 children exposed in-utero at
Hiroshima and Nagasaki to various radiation doses and at
various developmental stages:
excess mental retardation was at a maximum between 8 and 15
weeks
Risk: 0.05% per mSv (8-15 weeks)

26. CANCERCANCER

29. CHERNOBYL EXPERIENCECHERNOBYL EXPERIENCE
Acute Radiation Syndrome and
Radiation burns (ARS)
26.04.198626.04.1986
at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power
Plant in Ukraine

34. HEREDITARY EFFECTSHEREDITARY EFFECTS
In the absence of human data
the estimation of hereditary
effects are based on animal
studies
Risks to offspring following
prenatal exposure:
Total risk = 0.0003 -
0.0005% per mGy to the
first generation
Constitutes 0.4-0.6% of
baseline frequency
(UNSCEAR 2001
Report Hereditary
Effects of Radiation)

35. TYPICAL EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON TYPICAL EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON
EMBRYOEMBRYO
Death of the embryo or fetus
Induction of;
1.malformation
2.growth retardation
3.functional disturbance
4.cancer
Factors influencing the
probability of effects
1.Dose for embryo or fœtus
2.Gestation status at the
time of exposure

36. QUESTIONNAIREQUESTIONNAIRE