Importance of alternative fuels by Mukesh Kumar

biofuels, biodiesels

1. Importance of Alternative Fuels Prepared By Mukesh Kumar Assistant Professor Mechanical Engineering Department IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida 1 Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida

2. Two hundred years ago, the world experienced an energy revolution that launched the Industrial Age. After two hundreds years, the industrialized world's thirst for energy had increased tremendously, that causes a serious energy crisis . Introduction 2 Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida Sources of energy Non-renewable Oil Natural gas Coal Renewable Solar energy Hydro power Biofuel Biomass Tidal energy Wind energy Geothermal Nuclear energy

3. Energy Scenario 3 Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida WORLD'S TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY

4. % Oil Consumption in Different Geographical Region 4 Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida

5. Crude Oil Reserves of India 5 Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida

6. World Current Situation 6 Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida

7. Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida 7 Renewable energy production in India Wind energy-11.46% Solar power-83.54% Small hydro power -2.20% Biomass power-1.96% Major contributor states Rajasthan-17% Jammu & Kashmir-13% Gujrat-8%

8. Energy Security and Environmental benefits Greenhouse Gas Emissions Fast Depletion of Fossil Fuel Reserves Substitute to Diesel Fuel Minimum /Without Engine Modifications Renewable Less Pollute/Eco-friendly Decentralizing of production of fuel Reduce the transportation cost Self reliance in fuel to farmers Need of Alternative Fuels 8 Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida

9. Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida 9 Resource of straight vegetable oils Non-edible oils Edible oils Karanja oil Mahua oil Neem oil Cottonseed oil Mustard oil Sunflower oil Coconut oil Peanut oil Soyabean oil Jatropha oil

10. 10 Palm Coconut Jatropha curcas Rapeseed/ Mustard seed Sunflower Corn Soybean Peanuts Algae Used restaurant oil Animal fats Bio-diesel feed stock 10 Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida

11. Biodiesel 11 11 Biodiesel is an eco-friendly, alternative fuel prepared from domestic renewable resources i.e. vegetable oils (edible or non- edible oil) and animal fats. Biodiesel is produced from oils or fats using trans- esterification after mixing the oil with methanol and sodium hydroxide. These oils and fats are made up mainly of triglycerides. when reacted chemically with lower alcohols in presence of a catalyst result in fatty acid esters. Biodiesel can be blended in any ratio with petroleum diesel fuel. Its higher Cetane number improves the combustion even when blended in the petroleum diesel Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida

12. Biodiesel CO 2 Cycle No CO 2 Released ; No global warming 12 Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida Use in Cars and Trucks Oil Crops Renewable CO 2

13. Inputs: Vegetable Oil / Fat (“Feedstock”) Methanol/Ethanol Catalyst - “Sodium Hydroxide or Potassium Hydroxide” Water Outputs: Biodiesel Dirty Water Glycerine (by-product) Biodiesel Production 13 Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida

14. Sustainability Pollution threat Reduction of green house gas emissions Regional (rural) development Improved social structure & agriculture Rural electrification Job creation Advantages of biodiesel 14 Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida

15. Higher production cost. Biodiesel is more likely than petroleum diesel to attract moisture. Poor low temperature properties. Requires rapid change of filters. Methanol is used in the biodiesel production which is made from natural gas, a fossil fuel. Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida 15 Disadvantages of biodiesel

16. 16 Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida