importance of genetics

SARFARAZ HUSSAIN NASRI
Importance of study of genetics for the welfare of Human Life.

1. IMPORTANCE OF STUDY OF GENETICS FOR THE WELFARE OF HUMAN LIFE SARFARAZ HUSSAIN Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology

2. GENETICS Genetics (from Ancient Greek genetikos , "genitive" and that from genesis , "origin ") “ A discipline of biology , is the science of genes , heredity , and variation in living organisms ” Study of genes & studies what genes are and how they work 2

3. HISTORY S cience of genetics began in the mid-19th century With applied and theoretical work of Gregor Mendel Augustinian friar Gregor Johann Mendel Work on pea plants P ublished in 1866 K nown as Mendelian Inheritance 3

4. Conti… Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns & Erich von Tschermak In 1900 marked the "rediscovery of Mendel" Basic principles of Mendelian genetics applied By 1915 Fruit fly “ Drosophila melanogaster” 4

5. Conti… Thomas Hunt Morgan & his fellow " drosophilists ” Developed the Mendelian model Widely accepted by 1925 In the 1940s & early 1950s E xperiments pointed DNA as portion of chromosomes Discovery of the double helical structure of DNA in 1953 5

6. Conti… Regulation of gene expression became a central issue in the 1960s By the 1970s gene expression could be controlled and manipulated through genetic engineering In the last decades of the 20th century, many biologists focused on large-scale genetics projects, sequencing entire genomes 6

7. BRANCHES Three major branches of genetics Classical genetics Molecular genetics Population genetics 7

8. IMPORTANCE Genetics deals with: Molecular structure & function of genes Gene behavior in context of a cell or organism Patterns of inheritance & gene distribution Variation and change in populations 8

9. Conti… Applied to the study of all living systems Viruses Bacteria Plants Domestic animals Humans 9

10. Relationship to society Prevention of genetic disease Genetically modifying organisms e.g. bt-cotton and bt-corn Genetic counseling Developing molecular medicine 10

11. APPLICATION IN DIFFERENT FIELDS Medicines Industries Agriculture Livestock For humans For Environment 11

12. Genetic engineering Manipulation of organisms using biotechnology Depends upon Genes Crop species Recourses Regulatory approval

13. What is Agriculture The science of producing crops soil cultivation is called farming or husbandry

14. Genetic engineering completes in 5 steps DNA isolation Cloning Transformation Cell and tissue culture Plant breeding

15. Plant breeding

16. Other methods Apomixis Is the production of asexual seeds Parthinocarpy production of fruits without fertilization

17. Other improvements Cross resistance Resistant to diseases Insects n herbicides Carnation Blue roses and Blue chrysanthemums

18. Pest Management:

19. Interogation

20. 3 In Livestock it helps in producing different breeds, leaner beef and polled Vs horned cattle. . .

21. 2 nd in livestock The productivity of domestic cattle and poultry has tripled in the last 100 years.

22. Genetic selection Genetic selection has increased the rate of weight gain and productivity.

23. Genetic selection for appetite in poultry Rapid increase in muscle mass is correlated with increase appetite drive.

24. Transgenic organisms Transgenic bacteria To promote health of plants Bio filters To extract metal

25. Transgenic bacteria

26. Transgenic animals Chemical safety testing Production of specific enzymes

27. Transgenic cow Proteins produced in the milk of transgenic cows like this one kills the bacteria that causes mastitis.