Importance of microorganism in agriculture

Importance of microorganism in agriculture

1. Microbes in Agriculture Microbiology Course Instructor: Mohammad Manzur Sharif Sayeem . Presented by S. M. Jahid Mostofa ID: 2015-1-77-033

2. What is microbes? Microbes , or microorganisms are minute living things that are usually unable to be viewed with the naked eye. Bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, viruses are examples!

3. Chemical in Agriculture Farmers use - Chemical Pesticides. Chemical fertilizers. In the last century, chemical fertilizers were used in agriculture. Farmers were happy of getting increased yield in agriculture in the beginning . But slowly chemical fertilizers started displaying their ill-effects such as: Polluting water. Destroying micro-organisms and friendly insects Making the crop more able to the attack of diseases.

4. Microbes in Agriculture Microbes are harmful but some microbes are useful for our day to life. Microbes in agriculture used as- Bio-control agent. Biological fertilizer/ Biofertilizer .

5. Biological control agents First coined by Harry Smith in relation to the biological control of insects. Biological control agents are Pollution free. Host specific. Expensive.

6. Biological control agents Bacteria Pseudomonas Xanthomona s Herbicides/ weedicides Fungi Beauveria Aphids, mealybugs , mites, white flies. Phytophthora Milk weed in citrus orchard. Trichoderma Soil bone plant pathogen

7. Biological control agents Fungi Dactylaria Arthrobotrys Nematodes Protozoans Nosema Grasshoppers, Caterpillars, Crickets. Viruses NPV(Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus) Gypsy moths, Caterpillars.

8. Aphid Milkweed Mealy bugs Gypsy moth White fly

9. Pseudomonas Xanthomonas Use as Herbicides. Suspension of such bacterial spores on the plant. Not harmful for major crops. Weeds to be controlled. Ex- P. Protegens Weed killed with herbicides

10. Beauveria Use spore sprayed on affected crops . Can be used as a biological insecticide to control a number of pests such as aphid, mites ,mealy bugs, whiteflies, and many other insects. Ex- Beauveria bassiana

11. Phytophthora Palmivera Pathogen for milk weed. Use spore sprayed on affected crops . Ex- Phytophthora infestans

12. Trichoderma Very important and famous for soil bone plant pathogen . Generally grows in its natural habitat on the root surface and so affects root disease in particular. Can also be effective against foliar diseases Ex-T. harzianum , T. hamatum

13. Dactylaria Arthrobotrys Make traps. Nematodes come this trap They will effectively killed. Ex- A. oligospora Arthrobotry

14. Nosema It is available in powder from It is poisonous. Grasshoppers, Caterpillars, Crickets eat the tender part of plants. They die because of nosema .

15. NPV(Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus) It is also available in powder from Unable to affect humans in the way it affects insects It is transferred from insect to insect through crystals in all of their bodily emissions. Kill Gypsy moths, Caterpillars.

16. Biological fertilizer/ Biofertilizer Pest can control by bio-control agents but what about the fertility of soil. When palnt production or crops production is not enough chemical fertilizer can switch over biofertilizer . It is nothing but either bacteria or blue green algae or some fungus. These microorganism should be- I. Fixers. II. Phosphate solubilizers .

17. Biological fertilizer/ Biofertilizer 1 Freeliving Fixing bacteria 2 Freeliving Fixing BGA 3 Symbiotic Fixing Bacteria 4 Symbiotic Fixing BGA 5 Micoriza Azotobacter Clostridium Bacillus polymyxa Nostoc Anabaena Aulosira Rhizobium - Root nodules in legumes . Anabaena Azollae in Azolla Ectmicoriza Endmicroriza

18. Free-living Fixing bacteria It is available in powder from Convert atmosphere nitrogen into nitrate and nitrite. Increase the nitrogen contain of soil. Azotobacter Clostridium Bacillus polymyxa

19. Free-living Fixing BGA Make special cells called heterocysts . Heterocysts are cells that are terminally specialized for nitrogen fixation. Use only paddy fields. By dead Nitrate and ammonia will be available. Nostoc , Anabaena, Aulosira

20. Symbiotic Fixing Bacteria It is well known biofertilizer . Always associated with roots of legumes plants. Take nitrogen from the air into Ammonia which acts as a natural fertilizer for the plants. Need higher amount of nitrogen Rhizobium -Root nodules in legumes

21. Symbiotic Fixing BGA Make special cells called heterocysts . Heterocysts are cells that are terminally specialized for nitrogen fixation. Use only paddy fields. Anabaena Azollae in Azolla .

22. Mycorrhiza Mycorrhizas are commonly divided into ectomycorrhizas (external surface of root) and endomycorrhizas (inside the cell) . They can absorb more amount of calcium, magnesium, Water and most important phosphate.

23. EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISM Developed by Prof. Higa in 1982. Was used in agriculture and environment field .

24. EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISM Complex microorganism solution. It contains mainly 3 species such as Lactic acid bacteria, Yeast, Phototrophic Bacteria. Collected from food industries and nature

25. EM IN AGRICULTURE Enhances the photosynthetic capacity of crops Develops resistance of plants to pests and disease Improves physical, chemical and biological environments of the soil and destroy soil born pathogens and pests

26. Microbes in Agriculture Bio-control agent are expensive ,safe then chemical pesticides. Biofertilizers are cheap ,safe and renewable resources rather than chemical fertilizers. At last microorganisms play an important role in Agriculture.

27. THANK YOU