IMPORTANCE OF STATE FISHES OF INDIA BY B.pptx

State fishes of Indian states and UT's for local importance towards Special conservation initiatives

1. STATE FISHES OF INDIA BY B. BHASKAR Fisheries Resource Management, India Jammu Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand , Arunachal Pradesh-Golden Mahseer Sikkim, Nagaland-copper or Chocolet mahseer Striped Murrel - AP&TS Bihar- Magur Haryana- Calbasu Mahanadi Mahseer-Odisha Tripura- Pabda UP- Chitala West Bengal- Hilsa - Mizoram- Ngahvang / BurmeseKingfish Manipur- Pengba Lakshdweep -Butterfly fish Kerala- Pearlspot Karnataka- Carnatic carp MP-Tor Mahaseer /Tor Barb Goa--Flathead Grey Mullet

2. Introduction Fresh-water, brackish-water and marine-water are main resource of fish flora and fauna total 3231 numbers of fish species were found in India . Due to various threats such as habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation, human activities and etc. Fishes numbers is declining day by day . ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBFGR), Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh, in 2006 compiled a list of State Fish States. The concept involves integration of key stakeholders in the conservation plan where 21 States/UT’s became partners with NBFGR in developing strategies for conservation and enhancement of their selected State Fish to achieve success in real-time conservation. Objective of the State Fish : is to let the State adopt the Fish and conserve their biodiversity.

3. Introduction Aim of the introduction of State Fishes: To conserve their biodiversit To enhancement of their selected state fish to achieve success in real - time conservation For the conservation of commercially important fishes National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resource, (ICAR-NBFGR) Lucknow has conceptualised the “state fish” concept to conserve fish species ( Sugunan , 2011). Different states of India have declared their state fish based on the abundance, preference and importance in the day to day life of the people . Out of 28 states, 21 have already declared their state fishes which are Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha , Telangana , Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand , Sikkim and West Bengal. This will help in conserving the biodiversity.

4. Striped Murrel Channa straitus ( Bloch, 1793 )- State fish of AP& Telangana State/ UT Common Name, State Fish Classification Characteristics Scientific Name, Author & Year Andhra Pradesh& Telangana State Striped Murrel Channa straitus (Bloch, 1793) Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Anabantiformes Family: Channidae Genus: Channa Species: striata Habitat – freshwater; brackishwater ; inhabit mainly in swamps · Colour- dark black brown, Body sub-cylindrical and head depressed · Large mouth with sharp visible teeth around 4-7 canine teeth on lower row · A large head reminiscent of a snake's head; deeply-gaping; very large scales · Feeds on fish, crustaceans, earthworms, tadpoles etc. · Breeding period- June to August and October to December and breeds mainly in rivers and ponds, Maximum length- 90 cm · Conservation status: Less concern

5. Golden Mahseer Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1822 )- State fish of the Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand Golden Mahseer Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1822) Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Cypriniformes Family: Cyprinidae Genus: Tor · Habitat –freshwater · Colour- Body Golden and fins reddish · Omnivorous, feeds on fish and mouth is small, terminal among Tor species · Head is blunt, oval and small · Breeding period- It is a multiple spawner ; spawning season coincides with the onset of rains during May to September with two peaks (May-June and August-September) · Breeds mainly in middle and lower ranges of rivers and streams · Maximum length- 275 cm · Conservation status: Endangered

6. Carnatic Carp : Barbodes carnaticus ( Jerdon , 1849 ) state fish of Karnataka Karnataka Carnatic Carp : Barbodes carnaticus ( Jerdon , 1849) Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Cypriniformes Family: Cyprinidea Genus: Barbodes Habitat – Freshwater; Benthopelagic · Large pools and riffles of rapid rivers and streams · Colour- Golden brown to purple brown · Feed on allochthonous fallen leaves and seeds · Lower lip with an interrupted labial fold · ‘V’ shape forked tail and small head and small scales · Lateral dark band present which separates a darker colour dorsally to a lighter colour ventrally · Breeding period July-August · Maximum length- 60 cm · Conservation status: Less concern

7. Magur /Walking catfish Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758 )- State fish of Bihar Bihar Magur /Walking catfish Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758) Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Siluriformes Family: Clariidae Genus: Clarius Habitat – Freshwater and Brackishwater , Demersal , Confined to stagnant, muddy water · Colour- Olive to dark brown or purple to black above, blue green on the sides and white below, with white specks on their rear side · Omnivorous and feed on insect larvae, earthworm, plant debris etc. · Body compressed posteriorly , Upper jaw a little projecting · Spine of pectoral fins rough on its outer edge and serrated on its inner edge · Breeding period- Rainy season by excavated nest

8. Kalbasu / Calabasu- Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822 ) –State fish of Haryana Haryana Kalbasu / Calabasu Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Cypriniformes Family: Cyprinidea Genus: Labeo Habitat – Freshwater and Brackishwater , Demersal · Colour- Blackish with occasionally the upper lobe of the caudal fin is white · Feeds on plants, filamentous algae and diatoms · Small, inferior mouth surrounded by fleshy lips, Four pairs of barbels · Breeding period May-September · Adults occur in rivers and ponds; in slow-moving waters of river · Maximum length- 90 cm · Conservation status: Endangered Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822)

9. Karimeen / Pearlspot Etroplus suratensis (Bloch, 1790 )- State fish of Kerala Kerala Karimeen / Pearlspot Etroplus suratensis (Bloch, 1790) Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Cichiliformes Family: Cichlidae Genus: Etroplus Habitat – Brackishwater ; Benthopelagic · Large rivers, reservoirs, lagoons and estuaries · Colour- Black and green combination, they have prominent light- coloured spots and dark vertical banding · Feed on filamentous algae, plant material and insects · Body profile is more rounded, The tail fin is not lobed · Distinctive spot at the pectoral fin · Mouth terminal, cleft small, snout spout like, Lips thin. Jaws equal · Lateral line interrupted or abruptly ceasing · Breeding period- Prolonged breeding season from December-February and June-July · Maximum length- 40 cm · Conservation status: Less concern

10. Butterflyfish Chaetodon decussatus (Cuvier, 1829 )- Lakshadweep Laksha-dweep Butterflyfish Chaetodon decussatus (Cuvier, 1829) Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Acanthuriformes Family: Chaetodontidae Genus: Chaetodon Habitat – Brackishwater ; Benthopelagic · Large rivers, reservoirs, lagoons and estuaries · Colour- Black and green combination, they have prominent light- coloured spots and dark vertical banding · Feed on filamentous algae, plant material and insects · Body profile is more rounded, the tail fin is not lobed · Distinctive spot at the pectoral fin · Mouth terminal, cleft small, snout spout like, lips thin, jaws equal · Lateral line interrupted or abruptly ceasing · Breeding period- Prolonged breeding season from December-February and June-July · Maximum length- 40 cm · Conservation status: Less concern

11. Pengba Osteobrama belangeri ( Valenciennes , 1844 )-State fish of Manipur Manipur Pengba Osteobrama belangeri ( Valenciennes , 1844)   Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Cypriniformes Family: Cyprinidae Genus: Osteobrama Habitat – Freshwater, Benthopelagic · Omnivore in nature · Colour- Silvery grey with black dorsal surface. Pelvic and anal fin orange · Breeding period- June-July · Maximum length- 38 cm · Conservation status: Near threatened

12. Ngahvang /Burmese Kingfish Semiplotus modestus Day, 1870)- State fish of Mizoram Mizoram Ngahvang /Burmese Kingfish Semiplotus modestus Day, 1870 Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Cypriniformes Family: Cyprinidae Genus: Semiplotus · Habitat – Freshwater, Benthopelagic · Colour- Silvery grey with black dorsal surface. Pelvic and anal fin orange. · Voracious grazer, open pores are present on either side of the snout. · Last dorsal spine osseous and serrated posteriorly . · Branched dorsal rays and pelvic rays. · Breeding period June- September · Maximum length- 20 cm. · Conservation status: Data Deficient

13. Mahanadi Mahseer Tor mahanadicus (David, 1953)- State fish of Odisha Odisha Mahanadi Mahseer Tor mahanadicus (David, 1953) Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Cypriniformes Family: Cyprinidae Genus: Tor · Colour- Silvery green or greyish green dorsally with pinkish sides replaced by greenish good above and light olive green below, lower fin reddish yellow · Head small, broadly pointed · Dorsal profile is more arched than ventral · Lips with continuous labial fold · Caudal fin deeply forked · 2 pairs of barbels · Omnivorous · Breeding period- July to November · Maximum length- 152 cm · Conservation status: Endangered

14. Pabda Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch, 1794)- State fish of Tripura Tripura Pabda Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch, 1794) Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Siluriformes Family: Siluridae Genus: Ompok · Habitat – Freshwater and Brackishwater , Demersal · Omnivore in nature · Colour- Brown, usually marmorated body with conspicuous round black blotch above pectoral base · Two pairs of barbels ; maxillary barbels reaching pelvic fins or anal fins; mandibulary barbels minute · Dorsal and pelvic fins small; anal fin long; pectoral fins well developed; vomerine teeth in 2 patches · Breeding period- June-July · Maximum length- 45.0 cm · Conservation status: Near threatened

15. Chital Chitala chitala ( Hamilton , 1822 )-State fish of Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Chital   Chital Chitala chitala ( Hamilton, 1822)-State fish of Uttar Pradesh Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Osteoglossiformes Family: Notopteridae Genus: Chitala Species: chitala Common name: Chitol / Indian knife fish/Feather back · Habitat – Freshwater; Demersal · Colour- Dorsal portion is coppery green colored and silvery at sides and below . · Carnivorous and predator fish · Dorsal profile is highly · Maximum length- 120 cm. convex. · Anal fin is long and confluent with caudal fin. · Pectoral fins are reduced. · 15 silvery bars present on each side of dorsal ridge. · 5-9 small black spots near the end of the caudal fin. · Breeding period- June and July by building nest. Conservation status: Endangered

16. Hilsa Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822 )-State fish of West Bengal West Bengal Hilsa Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822)   Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Clupeiformes Family: Clupeidae Genus: Tenualosa Species: ilisha Common name: Hilsa / Ilisha · Habitat – Freshwater; Brackishwater · Colour- Silver shot with gold and purple · Belly with 30 to 33 scutes · Distinct median notch in upper jaw · A dark blotch behind gill opening · Feeds on plankton by filtering · Breeding period- January to February - March · Breeds mainly in rivers · Maximum length- 42 cm to 60 cm · Conservation status: Less concern

17. Flathead mullet Mugil cephalus ( Linneaus , 1758 )-State fish of Goa Goa Flathead mullet Mugil cephalus ( Linneaus , 1758) Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Mugiliformes Family: Mugilidae Genus: Mugil Habitat – marine; freshwater; brackish; benthopelagic · Found oncoastal waters, often entering estuaries and rivers , sometimes far-up-river, lagoons and hypersaline environments · Colour- Olive-green dorsally, sides silvery shading to white ventrally · Feed on detritus, micro-algae and benthic organisms · Body stout, cylindrical in cross-section, slightly compressed; head broad and flattened and well developed adipose eyelid · Upper lip thin and without papillae, lower lip with outer row of small unicuspid teeth, Lateral line absent · Breeding period- autumn and winter months · Maximum length- 100 cm · Conservation status: Less concern

18. Tor mahaseer /Tor barb: Tor tor (Hamilton, 1822 )-State fish of Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh Tor mahaseer /Tor barb: Tor tor (Hamilton, 1822) Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Cypriniformes Family: Cyprinidae Genus: Tor Habitat – Freshwater; Benthopelagic ; Potamodromous · Inhabits rivers and lakes, also in rapid streams with rocky bottom. · Colour-Dorsal side is dark grey · Golden to pinkish on flanks and abdomen is silvery with slightly golden tinge · Below the eyes is light yellow. · Dorsal, pectoral and anal fins are reddish yellow in color · Omnivorous and feed on feed on filamentous algae, chironomid larvae, water beetles and crustaceans · The body is stout, elongated and compressed, the ventral profile is more arched than dorsal profile · Head is comparatively smaller and pointed , mouth small and inferior · Eyes visible from below the head, lips are thick and fleshy, running at angles of mouth · Barbels two pairs and scales large · Breeding period- August-September till December · Maximum length- 200 cm · Conservation status: Endangered

19. Neolissochilus hexagonolepis  (McClelland, 1839) Copper Mahseer or Chocolet mahseer & locally named as a'Katley's – State fish of Nagaland and Sikkim Nagaland& Sikkim Neolissochilus hexagonolepis  (McClelland, 1839) Copper Mahseer or Chocolet mahseer & locally named as a' Katley's Actinopteri (ray-finned fishes) > Cypriniformes (Carps) > Cyprinidae (Minnows or carps) > Torinae Etymology: Neolissochilus : Greek, neos = new + Greek,lissos = smooth + Greek, cheilos = lip Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Cypriniformes Family: Cyprinidae Genus: Neolissochilus Adults occur in fast flowing streams and rivers with rocky bottom, mainly in the middle of streams. Omnivorous. Adults feed mainly on filamentous green algae, lesser on chironomid larvae, crustaceans and water beetles . They migrate upstream during the breeding season where spawning takes place on stones and gravel . Spawning occur from April to October with a peak in August to September. Males mature at 9 cm. Flesh is considered delicious and market demand is great. Omnivorous. Adults feed mainly on filamentous green algae, lesser on chironomid larvae, crustaceans and water beetles : · Habitat – Freshwater · Snub nosed mahseer · Back olive green, silvery white on the belly, scales above the lateral line coppery coloured , fins dark gray paling towards the margin · Breeding period-April to October with a peak in August to September · Maximum length- 120 cm · Conservation status: Endangered

20. Copper Mahseer ( Katley's ) a State fish of Nagaland&Sikkim Neolissochilus hexagonolepis   commonly known as Copper Mahseer and locally named as a' Katley's a State fish of Sikkim to highlight the importance of the fish and to give emphasis to its conservation measures. License shall be issued by the Directorate of Fisheries to the interested individual fishermen or fishermen co-operative societies or SHGs for fishing in the reservoirs in accordance with the existing provisions under the Sikkim Fisheries Rules, 1990.   In the year 1992, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBFGR), Lucknow had categorized Katley fish as endangered species. Later on, in the year 2014 the fish was also categorized as endangered by the IUCN(International Union for Conservation of Nature).

21. References 1)https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/sikkim-declares-katley-as-state-fish/article36547120.ece 2) https://www.fishbase.se/summary/Neolissochilus-hexagonolepis 3) https://www.google.com/search?q=State+wise+map++india+2022&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwj3vY_m1dX7AhUwg2MGHU-tD-sQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=State+wise+map++india+2022&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQA1CSD1iSD2DkFmgAcAB4AIABVYgBpgGSAQEymAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWfAAQE&sclient=img&ei=5CyHY_e7J7CGjuMPz9q-2A4&bih=567&biw=1366#imgrc=lM-tNVDcSTkhHM 4) Sugunan , V.V., 2011. Handbook of Fisheries and Aquaculture. Knowl Manag Agric ICAR, New Delhi, pp.238-274. 5) DoF , 2020. Handbook on fisheries statistics, 2020. Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Govt. of India, New Delhi, p. 176. 6) NFDB , 2006. State fishes of India. 7) ICAR-NBFGR

22. World fisheries Day-Nov21st, &Indian Fish Farmers day-July 10 th , Thanks to all &B for your Time Acknowledgement to Yaa & Baa