Important Solanaceae crops

important crops of family Solanaceae

1. IMPORTANT
CROPS OF
FAMILY
SOLANACEAE

2. FAMILY SOLANACEAE
Members of this Family usually have:
•Regular flowers with five petals
•Five stamens attached to the corolla tube
•Leaves are alternate, variable, and may be
entire or dissected, without stipules, and are
usually alternate
•Flowers have five petals and are generally
actinomorphic.
•Superior ovary.

3. tObACCO
Phylum Magnoliophyt
a
Class Magnoliopsida
Order Solanales
Family Solanaceae
Genus Nicotiana
Species tobacum
Habitat Tropical
Chromosome
no.
2n=48

4. •Leaves are simple, petiolate, cordate or
semicordate shaped, evenly spaced,
acuminate apex and winged petiole.
•The apex is acuminate, winged petiole, frilled
auricle clasping the stem.
•The glandular hairs on the surface of leaves
excrete germs which makes surface sticky

5. Tobacco plantation

6. Dried tobacco leaves- economically
important

7. Inflorescence:
•Inflorescence is panicle.
•Flowers are pedicillate and hermaphrodite,
having five sepals forming a calyx tube, corolla
tube 10-15mm long and 2-3 mm wide, lower half
is cylindrical, pale green or creamy, upper half
similar in color or pink to red.
•Stamens are inserted on the base of corolla,
erect with four stamens of same length and the
fifth being shorter.
•Ovary is superior, bicarpellary with axile
placentation and numerous ovules.
•It has slender style, capitate stigma, narrow,
elliptic, ovoid and blunt capsule and numerous
minute seeds.

8. Tobacco flower and inflorescence

9. Growth Stage State of rain fall
Seedling establishment
Cloudy weather with drizzling.
(soon after transplanting
Early growth stageLight rainfall
Grand growth stage
Bright sunshine with occasional
moderate rain
Ripening (maturity) of
leaves
No rains at all because the rain
will wash the gums from the
leave's surface resulting in poor
curing. Sometimes bigger rain
drops split the leaves.

10. potato
•Leaves are ovate, pinnately compound
occasionally bi-compound with several pairs
of leaflets.
Phylum Magnoliophy
ta
Class Magnoliopsida
Order Solanales
Family Solanaceae
Genus Solanum
Species tuberosum
Chromosome
no.
2n=48

11. •A branched, fibrous, root system is formed either
by the seedling tap root, or by adventitious roots
in tuber grown plants.
•Simple or compound inflorescence, flowerig
profusely. Bear white, pink, red, blue, or purple
flowers with yellow stamens.
•Tuber is round, oval or round oval or oblong with
white or red skin.
•Potatoes are cross-pollinated mostly by insects
•Any potato variety can also be propagated
vegetatively by planting tubers or pieces of
tubers, cut to include at least one or two eyes

12. Potato plant

13. In India's total landmass it is grown in many
places, mainly divided into three main
regions:
•The Indo-Gangetic Plain;
•The Himalayas to the north;
•The Southern Peninsula.

14. Physical condition for growth:
•A relatively dry, cool winter from December through
February;
•The hot, dry summer from March through May;
•The southwest monsoon from June through
September when the predominating southwest
maritime winds bring rains to most of the country;
•The states of Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, and Bihar
accounting for more than 75 percent of area under
cultivation and about 80 percent of total production;
•The southern peninsula, where approximately six
percent of the total crop is grown on relatively high
altitude plateaus, such as the Nilgiri and Palini hills of
Tamil Nadu, under alternating rain-fed and irrigated
conditions throughout the year.

15. chilli
•Chili plants are both annuals and perennials.
•Leaves are variable in size, simple, lamina
broadly lanceolate to ovate, entire, thin, sub
glabrous, tip acumate, base cuneate or acute.
Phylum Eudicots
Class Asterids
Order Solanales
Family Solanaceae
Genus Capsicum
Species annum ;
frutescens
Chromosome
no.
2n=24

16. •Main shoot is radial, one of the branches at
each node remains undeveloped and
subtending bract. Bracts are adnate.
•Flowers are usually single and terminal, but
due to branching appears axillary.
•Ovary is 2 celled, simple style and stigma
capitate, with white or greenish stamens.
•Fruits are indehiscent, many –seeded berry,
pendulous or erect, borne singly at nodes
variable in size, shape, color, and degree of
pungency.

18. Climate requirement:
•The chili is a plant of tropical and sub -tropical
region.
•It grows well in warm and humid climate and a
temperature of 200 C to 250C.
•Low moisture in soil during blossom
development and fruit formation causes the bud,
deblossom and fruit drops.
•Excessive rainfall is detrimental to the crops,
because it brings about defoliation and rotting of
the plant.
•As a rained crop, it is grown in areas receiving an
annual precipitation of 25-30 inches.

19. tomato
•It is of two types:
oDeterminant- frequent and less no. of flowers
oIndeterminant- less frequent but more no. of
flowers
Phylum Anthophyta
Class Magnoliopsid
a
Order Solanales
Family Solanaceae
Genus Solanum
Species lycopersicum
Chromosome
no.
2n=24

20. •It is a perennial in its native habitat, but can be
grown in temperate climates as an annual.
•The leaves are compound, pinnatified with
small leaflets. The petiole is clasping. The main
leaflet is shortly stalked, ovate or oblong.
Margin is irregularly toothed.
•Simple types of leaves with smooth margin also
occur.
•Flowers are borne in small forked raceme
cyme; with five pointed lobes on the corolla;
they are borne in a cyme of three to 12
together.

22. Climatic Requirements
•Tomato is a warm season crop, requires warm
and cool climate and cannot withstand frost and
high humidity.
•Temperature below 10
0
C and above 38
0
C
adversely affects plant tissues thereby slow down
physiological activities, thrives well in temperature
10
0
C to 30
0
C with optimum range of temperature
is 21-24
0
C.
•The mean temperature below 16
0
C and above
27
0
C are not desirable.
•Water stress and long dry period causes cracking
of fruits. Bright sunshine at the time of fruit set
helps to develop dark red coloured fruits.

23. brinjal
•Plant is herbaceous & perennial that is
cultivated as an annual with erect or semi
spreading habits.
•Leaves are large, simple & lobed.
Phylum Anthophyta
Class Magnoliopsida
Order Solanales
Family Solanaceae
Genus Solanum
Species melongena
Chromosom
e no.
2n=24

24. •Flowers are large and showy with purple
corolla.
•Hermaphrodite flower, generally performs
self-pollination.
•Growth is indeterminate.
•The fruit is a berry, borne singly or in
clusters.
•Four types of flowers are there in Brinjal
•They are long-styled and medium-styled
flowers produced fruits whereas
pseudoshort styled and true short-styled
flowers did not set any fruit.

26. •Of all the solanaceous vegetable, brinjal is the most
sensitive to frost and low temperature and
requires about five months of frost-free period for
proper growth and development.
•It flourishes best during warm growing season with
a temperature range of 25-27 °C. A day
temperature of below 35
o
C and night
temperature of above 16
o
C considered optimum.
•Brinjal also has a high-moisture requirement and
responds well to irrigation during the periods of
drought and high temperature. It flourishes well in
areas receiving a moderate rainfall ranging form
600-1000 mm.
•Excessive rainfall brings about defoliation, wilting
and rotting of the plant. Brinjal cannot tolerate
water logging.

27. Thank you