Improved technologies for jute cultivation in india

Scientific cultivation technique of fiber crop Jute in West Bengal, India

1. DrSubhomaySinha
Assistant Directrorof Agriculture (Trg.), MSD

2. Cultivable Jute crop
Corchoruscapsularis Corchorusolitorius

3. Differences between Corchoruscapsularisand Corchorusolitorius

4. Differences between Corchoruscapsularisand Corchorusolitorius

5. Corchorus capsularis Corchorus olitorius

6. Leaf of CorchorusolitoriusLeaf of Corchoruscapsularis
Differences betweenCorchoruscapsularisand Corchorusolitorius

7. Fruits of OlitoriusJuteFruits of CapsularisJute
Differences betweenCorchoruscapsularisand Corchorusolitorius

8. Seeds of Olitorius JuteSeeds of Capsularis Jute
Differences betweenCorchoruscapsularisand Corchorusolitorius

9. SlnoName of the Variety
Yield(Qt/
Ha)
Special Characteristics
1
JRO 632
(Baisakhitossa)
30-32
Suitable for late sowing, induces premature
flowering if sown before mid-April, pods
shattering type.
2
JRO878
(Chaitalitossa)
30-32
Suitable for early (mid March) sowing, pods
non-shattering type, better fibrefineness.
3
JRO 7835
(Basudev)
32 -34
Pods non-shattering, suitable for early (mid
March) sowing, can withstand water logging to
some extent at later stage of growth.
4
JRO 524
(Navin)
32 -40
Pods non-shattering, sowing during middle of
March does not induce premature
flowering.It is least susceptible to yellow mite
pest and is resistant to root rot diseases in
high rainfall areas.It rets better than other
olitoriusvarieties and fiber extraction is easy.
5TJ 40 (Mahadev)24-25
Premature flowering occurs, pod dehiscence-
present ; seed colouris green
6 JRO 3690 (Savitri) 30 –33
Pods shattering type, better fibrequality,
suitable for late sowing.
Varieties of TOSSA JUTE (Corchorusolitorius)

10. SlnoName of the VarietyYield
(Qt/ Ha)
Special Characteristics
7 KOM 62 (Rebati) 30 Premature flowering occurs, pod dehiscence
type, seed colour:steel grey
8
JRO 66
(Golden jubilee tossa)
35 –40
Pods non shattering type, fiber quality
excellent, (TD
2
grade), ideal for mid April to
early May sowing.
9 JRO 8432
(Shakti tossa)
35 –40 Suitable for early (mid March) sowing,
premature flowering resistant, non-
shattering podtype.
10
JRO 128
(Surya)
32 –38 Pods non shattering type, can be sown from
mid March to end of April. Very good fiber
quality.
11
S 19
(Subala)
30 –35
Suitable for early (mid March) sowing,
resistant to premature flowering, tolerant to
major pests and diseases ,finer fiber quality
with lesser lignin content.
12
JRO 204
(Suren)
36 –38
Tall,cylindrical stem, non-lodging type,
non-shattering pod, resistance to premature
flowering.
Varieties of TOSSA JUTE (Corchorusolitorius)

11. Sl
no
Name of the
Variety
Yield
(Qt/ Ha)
Special Characteristics
13
AAUOJ 1
(Tarun)
36
Non-shattering pod, broader leaf with green longer
stipule, resistance to premature flowering, better biotic
resistance for stem rot, root rot, anthracnose and yellow
mite
14
JBO 2003H
(Ira)
38
Resistance to premature flowering,better fiber quality,
better biotic resistance to stem rot, root rot, anthracnose
and yellow mite
15
CO 58
(Sourav)
34
Suitable time of sowing is mid-March, pods arenon-
shattering type, resistance to premature flowering, better
fiber quality, resistance to major pest and diseases
16
JBO 1
(Sudhangshu)
30 –35
Suitable time of sowing ismid-March to end-April,pods
are non-shattering type, low lignin content, resistance to
premature flowering, better fiber quality, resistance to
major pest and diseases.
17
JROM 1
(Pradip)
37 –38
Suitable time of sowing ismid-March to end-April, Stem:
Cylindrical , non-branching; Leaf colour: Green, laceolate
shape; Flower:Petalcolour; Yellow; Fruit: Pods green
cylindrical, non-shattering
Varieties of TOSSA JUTE (Corchorusolitorius)

12. Sl
no
Name of the
Variety
Yield
(Qt/ Ha)
Special Characteristics
18
JROG 1
(Bithika)
27 –28
Suitable time of sowing ismid March to endof April, non-
shattering pod, resistance to premature flowering,
resistanceto root rot andstem rot disease, fiber quality
is good, tolerance of abiotic stresses.
19
JRO 2407
(Samapti)
33 –34
Suitable time of sowing isearly March,pods are non-
shattering type, low lignin content, resistance to
premature flowering, better fibrequality, resistance to
major pest and diseases.
20
KRO 4
(Gouranga)
29 –30
Adapted to tossajute growing especially, West Bengal,
Assam, Bihar and Odishafor mid-March to mid-May
sowing. Tolerant to stem rot disease and insects like
semilooper, apion, BHC and yellow mite.
21
BCCO 6
(KisanPat)
28 –30
Coppery red stem variety with better fibretenacity
(21.18 g/tex) and fineness (2.81 tex), recommended for
entire tossajute growing states for sowing in 2nd
fortnight of April to May.
Varieties of TOSSA JUTE (Corchorusolitorius)

13. SlnoName of the VarietyYield(Qt/
Ha)
Special Characteristics
1 JRC 321 (Sonali) 20 -25 Pods non-shattering type, finest fibrequality
(1.5 tex), suitable for late February to late
March sowing.
2
JRC 212 (Sabujsona) 25 –28
Pods non-shattering type, suitable for mid
March to mid April sowing.
3 JRC 7447 (Shyamali) 28 –30 Pods non-shattering type, responsive to
higher dose of N fertilizer, suitable for mid
March to mid April sowing.
4
JRC 4444 (Baldev)30 –32
Pods non-shattering type, suitable for early
March-mid Aprilsowing.
5
Hybrid C (Padma) 25 –28
Pods non-shattering type , suitable for late
February to late Marchsowing.
6
UPC 94 (Reshma) 23
Premature flowering resistant, pod
dehiscence-absent ; seed colour-chocolate
brown.
7
JRC 698
(Shrabantiwhite)
30 –35
Pods non-shattering type, suitable for mid
March to mid April sowing, fibrequality W
2
grade having fineness with fairly good fibre
tenacity.
Varieties of WHITE JUTE (Corchoruscapsularis)

14. SlnoName of the VarietyYield
(Qt/ Ha)
Special Characteristics
8 KC 1 (Joydev) 26 -27 Premature flowering resistance-present, pod
dehiscence-absent ; seed colour-chocolate
brown.
9
KTC 1
(RajendraSadaPat 1)
28
Premature flowering resistance-present, pod
dehiscence-absent ; seed colour-chocolate
brown.
10 BidhanPat-3 25 –27 Pods non-shattering type, photo-period
insensitive variety and matures in 110 days
after sowing anytime between 1
st
March to 1
st
July, suitable for flood prone areas.
11
BidhanPat-113 –14
Pods non-shattering, photo-period
insensitive variety and matures in 60-65 days
after sowing anytime between 1
st
March to 1
st
August, suitable for flood prone areas
12
BidhanPat-2 20 –23
Pods non-shattering, photo-period
insensitive variety and matures in 90-100
days after sowing anytime between 1
st
March
to 1
st
July, suitable for flood prone areas.
Varieties of WHITE JUTE (Corchoruscapsularis)

15. SlnoName of the VarietyYield(Qt/
Ha)
Special Characteristics
13 JRC–80
(Mitali)
30 –35 Suitable for mid March to early April sowing
in both high and low land , can withstand
drought at early stage of growth and water
logging at later stage of growth.
14
JRC 532 (Sashi) 30 –35
Pod non-shattering, drought resistant at early
stage of growthand tolerate water logging
andmature in110 days after sowing.
15 JRC 517 (Sidhartha) 32 –35 Pod non-shattering, drought resistant at early
stage of growthand tolerate water logging
andmaturein120 days after sowing.
16
RRPS 27 C 3
(Monalisa)
34
Pod non-shattering, resistance topre-mature
flowering, suitable time of sowing is mid-
March to mid-April, better pest and disease
resistance, higher fiber yield and better
fiber fineness, low-lignin content
17
NDC 2008 (Ankit) 26 –27
Resistance to pest and diseases , good fibre
quality , tolerant to drought and water
lodging, suitable timeof sowingis mid
February to mid March
Varieties of WHITE JUTE (Corchoruscapsularis)

16. SlnoName of the Variety
Yield(Qt/
Ha)
Special Characteristics
18 JBC 5 (Arpita) 28 –30
Suitable for mid-March, pod non-shattering
type, resistance to premature flowering,
better fibrequality, resistance to major pest
and diseases.
19 JRCS 2 (Partha) 27 –28
Suitable for mid-March to last week of April
sowing. Stem is Cylindrical, greenwith light
red pigmentation; Leaf colour: Green, ovate
shape; Flower: Petal colour; Yellow; Fruit:
Pods green ,capsule type in shape, non-
dehiscent.
20 KJC 7 (Shrestha) 28 –29
Premature flowering resistance-present, pod
green non-dehiscence; seed colour-
chocolate brown
21 JRC 9057 (Ishani)30 –35
Green stem with light red pigmented variety
suitable for West Bengal, Assam, Bihar and
Odishafor March to April sowing. Very fine
(1.31 tex) fibrequality and tolerant to stem
rot and semiloope
22 AAUCJ 2 (Kkhyati)27 -28
High yielding variety with better tolerance
to semi looperand yellow mites and stem rot
of jute.
Varieties of WHITE JUTE (Corchoruscapsularis)

17. 
EarlySowingdate:
10
th
Marchto1
st
weekofApril.

Variety:
NJ7010(Rani),JRO-204(Suren),JRO524
(Navin),S-19(Subala),CO-58(Sourav)etc.
Seedrate
Olitoriusjute:
3-5kg/ha(SowingthroughSeeddrill).
Capsularisjute:
7kg/ha(JRC-7447,JRC-212etc).

18. 
Sowingtime:
10
th
Marchto15
th
April.

Olitoriusjute:
NJ7010
,
JRO–524,S-19.

Capsularisjutevarieties:
JRC-7447,JRC-321,JRC-212.

19. JRO204(Suren),JRO524(Navin),JRO8432(Shakti)JRO128(Surya),S-19
(Subala),JRO-2407(Samapti),JRO7835(Basudev),KOM-62(Revati),JRO
878(Chaitalitossa)andHybridC(Padma)
Jute varieties recommended for early sowing
JRO66(GoldenJubileeTossa),JRO3690(Savitri),JRO632(Baisakhitossa)
andTJ-40(Mahadev),BidhanPat-3
Jute varieties recommended for late sowing
JBO2003H(Ira),AAU-OJ-1(Tarun),JRO204(Suren)andJRO524(Navin)
Jute varieties tolerant to Root & stem rot and Anthracnose
JBO1(Sudhangsu),JRO524(Navin)andJRO204(Suren)
Jute varieties tolerant to Yellow mite
JRC 532 (Sashi), JRC-517 (Sidhartha), BidhanPat-1, BidhanPat-2, BidhanPat-3
Jute varieties tolerant to water logging / submergence
Jute varieties tolerant to draught
JRC 80 (Mitali), NDC 2008 (Ankit), JRO 204 (Suren), JRO 524 (Navin)

20. It thrives well in areas with well distributed annual rainfall of 2,500 mm spread
over vegetative growth period of the jute crop with no cloudiness.
Mean rainfall of less than 1,000 mm, incessant rainfall and water
logging are not suitable for its cultivation.
Temperatures below 15
o
C and above 43
o
C during growth are not
suitable for its cultivation
Corchorus olitorius (Tossa jute) cannot withstand water logging,
however, C. capsularis (White jute) can withstand water logging for a
short period.
Soil & Climatic Condition for Jute

21. Soil & Climatic Condition for Jute
loamy alluvial soils are best suited for jute. Laterite and gravel soils are not suitable for
this crop
Soil pH of 5.0 -7.2 is ideal for this crop.
It has been observed that clay loam soil for C. capsularisand sandy loam soil
for C. olitoriusare most suitable soil types.
Juteissensitivetobothdroughtandwaterlogging.Atgerminationandknee-
highstages,adequatesoilmoisturemustbeensuredbyirrigation.
If the soil moisture is not sufficient, then one pre-sowing irrigation is
beneficial.
Water logging adversely affects fiber quality, so provision of quick
drainage in uplands will be beneficial to the crop

22. Land preparation
Thelandshouldpreferablybewelldrainedinnaturehaving
highorganicmattercontent.Thefieldshouldbeploughedfor
2to3timestogetfinetilth,dependingonsoiltexture.
Thelandshouldbeproperlyleveledusingladderingas
availableandafieldditch(8”x12”)shouldbeconnectedto
anoutlettoprovidedrainagetoavoidearlywaterlogging
stress.
FYMshouldbeapplied@2–2.5MT/acreorVermicompost
@1MT/acre.
Amongbio-fertilizers,Azotobactor/Azospirilium/
Phosphobacterin@6Kg/hashouldbebroadcastedbefore
sowingbymixingwithFYM.

23. 
Certifiedseedswithpropergermination
percentage(>90%)shouldbecollectedfromNSC
centers,Govt.Supplyandotherauthorizedseed
dealersofjute.

Seedtreatment:[email protected]/kgseedor
Trichodermaviridae10g/kgseed.Drytreatment
Seed rate

24. InIndia,juteismostlybroadcasted@600–750gmseedper
bigha.Butlinesowinghasmanyadvantagesoverbroadcasting.
Advantages of line sowing:
1)Seeds are placed at proper & uniform depths.
2)Along the rows, intercultural operations can be done,
3)Uniform row to row spacing is maintained,
4)Seed requirement is less than ‘broad casting’ method.
5)Sowing is done at proper moisture level.
6) produces 10-15% higher fibreyield
Disadvantages of line sowing:
1)Require implement for sowing,
2) Plant to plant (Intra row) spacing is not maintained,
3)Skilled person is required for sowing.

25. Sowing methods:
Broadcasting:
Broadcasting is most common sowing techniques, followed in India. It has been found
that if half of the seeds are broadcasted in east –west direction and rest half are in north
–south direction, then uniform plant stand could be achieved. 50 nos. of plant per sq.
meter is ideal.
Thinningofplantsafteremergenceisanexcellenttechniquetocreatelineina
broadcastedjutefield.
CRIJAFNailWeederisthebestimplementforthinning.Itismanuallyoperatedin
straightlinetogetplantsinaline.
Firstthinningisdone20daysaftersowing(DAS),whentheplantsareof5-10cm
height.Atthisstage,plantsarethinnedtoadistanceof5cm.
Secondandfinalthinningdoneat35DAS,whenplantsareof12-15cmheight,and
arethinnedtoadistanceof10cm.
Thinning

26. Line sowing:
Jute seed should be sown using CRIJAF 4-row seed drill on
ploughed and levelled land
.

27. CRIJAF 4-row seed drill

28. Sowing by using CRIJAF 4-row seed drill

29. Nutrient application
ThenutrientrequirementofCapsularisismorethanthatofOlitorius.
Wellrottenfarmyardmanureapplied@5-7tonnes/haduringland
preparation.
Soiltestingbeforefertilizerapplicationwhereverpossibleisbetter.
Fertilizerdose:N:P:K::60:30:30/ha
PandKappliedasbasal.Nisappliedinthreesplit.20kgasbasal,20kg
at21DAS,andrest20kgat40–50DAS.Inplotswhereweedsare
problematic,basalNapplicationisavoided.
Elementalsulphur@30kg/ha(soil,20kgsulphur/ha)asbasal.
SeedinoculationwithAzotobacterchroococumhasbeenfoundpromising to
supplementpartofNfertilizer.
Foliarapplicationof20kgNthroughureasolutionwithstickeratpre-
floweringstageispromising,especiallyduringdraught.
Foliarapplicationisbeneficialduringdraughtperiod.Applicationoffoliar
fertilizerlikeN-P-K19:19:19@5gm/Lduring21DASand45DASisalso
beneficial.

30. Inacidsoilsandinregionswithhighrainfall,calciumandmagnesiumdeficiencyis
common.Limingofsoil@2-5t/ha,oncein4yearsorDolomiteapplication(40kg/ha)
isfoundpromisingasitsuppliesbothcalciumandmagnesium.
Nutrient application
TopdressingofNitrogenousfertilizershouldbeappliedafterweeding.Thisenhance
theefficacyofNfertilizerutilization.
IfsoilhasdeficitinBoron,thenSodiumoctaboratetetrahydrateshouldbeapplied@
0.1%aqueoussolutionasfoliarspray,twiceat21DASand42DAS.Thisenhances
thefiberquality.

31. Weed Management for Jute

32. Some Grassy weeds of Jute
Brachiariareptans
Dactylocteniumaegyptium Digitariasanguinalis

33. Some Grassy weeds of Jute
Echinochloacolonum Echinochloacrusgalli
Eleusine indica
Leptochloachinensis

34. Some Sedge type of weeds of Jute
Fimbristylismiliacea
Cyperuscompressus
Cyperusdifformis Cyperusrotundus

35. Physalisminima
Jussiaearepens
Euphorbia hirta
Phyllanthusniruri
Some Broad leaved weeds of Jute

36. Some Broad leaved weeds of Jute
Euphorbia sp.
microphylla
Portulacaoleracea
Amaranthusspinosus Ageratum conyzoides

37. Application of herbicides alone or in combination with one hand weeding (35 days
after sowing) is very economical to control the weeds in jute field.
Weed management is the most critical field operation.
There is requirement of 90-170 labour / ha to carry out 2-3 hand weeding. It is
costly and time taking. So manual weeding is not advocated in Jute.
As an alternative, to eliminate the dependency on herbicides, application of
CRIJAF nail weeder 3-15 days after emergence of seedling (at the interval of five
days) kill 80-85% weed flora
Non –selective herbicide Glyphosate 41% SL @ 0.82 kg SL/ha with 2% urea at
25 days after sowing in between jute lines/ rows using direct spray (mike nozzle
guarded by plastic bottles, 10 x l0cm) can effectively control composite weed flora
in jute field
Weed management in Jute

38. Glyphosate herbicide is applied in between two rows of jute plant
Using mike nozzle, made up of plastic bottle.

39. Chemical Weed control
:
Pre-emergence/pre-plantApplication:
•Butachlor50%[email protected](rainfedorirrigation)aspreplant.
•[email protected]/ha(
45-48
hoursaftersowingwith
irrigation)dependingonsoiltexture+onehandweeding/hoeingat35
DAS.
Or
Postemergenceherbicide:
Forgrassyweedsonly.NoBroadleavedweedcanbe
controlled
.
(Grassyweedslike:Shyama,Durba,Siallaga, Digitaria,Bergum,Setariaetc).
Quizalofopethyl,Propaquizafop,Fenoxapropethyletc.
Additionofsurfactantincreasestheefficacyofherbicide
TargaSuper(QuizalofopEthyl5%EC)@
i)8-10DAE1.0ml/l+Dhanuvit1ml/l
or,10-15DAE1.5ml/l+Dhanuvit1ml/l
or,15-21DAE2.0ml/l+Dhanuvit1ml/l
is highly effective against Grassy weeds.

40. Some Herbicide formulations used in Jute for Grassy weed control
(Pre plant / Pre emergence)

41. Some Herbicide formulations used in Jute for Grassy weed control
(Post emergence)

42. Butachlor @ 0.9-1.5 kg a.i. /ha on moist soil immediately after
sowing (pre –emergence)

43. Trianthemasppcontrol by Pretilachlor@ 0.9kg/ha (at 45 hours after sowing) in
jute field
Control
Treated

44. Targasuper @ 1.5 ml/L +
Dhanuvit1 ml/L at 15 DAS
Weedy
jute
field at
21 DAS
(Control plot)

45. TrianthemaSp. A NEW INVASIVE WEED IN JUTE AND OTHER FIELD CROPS

46. Cultural Methods of weed control in Jute
Linesowingofjutewith25cm ×5-7cmspacingandmaintaning
optimumplantpopulation(5.5-6.0lakhs/ha)facilitatethe
interculturalpracticesresultingincompetitiveadvantageof
jutecropoverweeds.
Intercropping with red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor) and
summer radish (Raphanus sativus) suppress the weeds and
gives additional revenue to small
and marginal farmers.
Intercropping with green gram / summer moong is also reduces
weed pressure and increase the profit from the same parcel of
land. It also enriches the soil.

47. Trianthemasppcontrol at early stage by CRIJAF nail weeder

48. INTERCROPPING JUTE WITH SUMMER RADISH

49. INTERCROPPING
JUTE WITH
GREEN GRAM

50. Weed smothering by Jute + Green gram intercropping
Intercropping green gram (Pant mung 5) with jute suppressed Cyperus rotundus
upto56 % by smothering affect. This system produced 10q pulse grain, fibre yield
28q/ha and 2 tonnes pulse waste/ha.
Jute intercropped with Moong Control plot

51. Jute (cv. NJ 7010, Rani) + green gram (cv. Sukumar) sown in Nadia .

52. Intercrop of jute (Cv. NJ 7010) and green gram ( cv.TMB 37), Barisha,
Pingla, Paschim Midnapur (DOS: 16-3-2017)

53. FIELD SCALE INTERCROPPING OF JUTE WITH MUNG

54. FIELD SCALE INTERCROPPING OF JUTE WITH OKRA

55. Mechanical weed control
The success of mechanical methods depend upon the stage of crop, type of
weeds (annual or perennial), availability of labourand soil & climatic condition.
Mechanical methods also provide proper soil aeration and
conserve soil moisture by stirring of soil.
Two hand weeding, one at 20-25 DAS and second at 35 –40 DAS
gives the season long weed control in jute.
Wheel hoeing at 20 to 25 days and one hand weeding at 35-40
days after sowing gives excellent control of weeds in jute. It also
conserves the soil moisture at early stage of crop.

56. Mechanical weed control by using CRIJAF NAIL WEEDER
CRJAFNailWeederoperatesatfieldcapacityconditiontwiceat4-7
and8-12DAE(Daysafteremergence).Usescrapperat15-21DAEto
controlestablishedtoughweeds.Itcontrols80compositeweeds&
reducesweedingcostuptoRs.15000-20000/ha.
Simultaneousweeding,thinningandlinearrangementisachieved
throughitinbroadcastjute.
Itminimizessoilcracks,maintains5-6%moresoilmoisturebysoil
mulching,reducessoiltemperatureby1-3degreeCelsiusandimproves
fiberyieldby10-15%.
Mechanical weed control

57. Theplantswithintherowshouldbethinnedmanually/usinganailweederattwo
stages.
Firstthinningisdone20daysaftersowing(DAS),whentheplantsareof5-10cm
height.Atthisstage,plantsarethinnedtoadistanceof5cm.
Secondandfinalthinningdoneat35DAS,whenplantsareof12-15cmheight,and
arethinnedtoadistanceof10cm.
Thinning of Jute plants Thinning of Jute plants

58. CRIJAF NAIL WEEDER IS BEST FOR SIMULTANEOUS COMPOSITE WEED
CONTROL, THINNING, AUTOMATIC LINE DEVELOPMENT AND SOIL
MULCHINGFOR MOISTURE CONSERVATION

59. ModifiedCRIJAF
nailassembly
having8mm
diameternails
withthreadsto
fitwithnail
assemblybarby
nutsandbolts

60. Soil Crack Reduction and Moisture Conservation in Jute Field by CrijafNail
Weeder
Soil mulch in broadcast jute by CRIJAF
nail weederat 5 DAE ( no soil crack
and thus maintains more moisture)
No soil mulch in broadcast jute ( showing
huge soil cracks, a source of fast water loss
in summer), Where Nail Weederis not used.

61. Soil mulching by CRIJAF
Nail weeder(5 & 8 DAE)
maintained 5-6% more
moisture, kept the soil
cooler by 1-3 degree
Celsius at 5 to 10 cm soil
depth and helped the jute
seedling to escape early
drought stress ( No rain till
30 days after sowing).
DROUGHT ESCAPE BY
SOIL MULCH

62. 
Juteseedsshouldbebroadcastedinleveledjutefield
@5-6.5kg/ha(criss-cross-EasttoWestfollowedby
NorthtoSouthorvice-versa)foruniformseed
distributionanddesirableplantstand.Aftersowing,
plankingshouldbedonetocoverthejuteseedsand
ensurebettergermination.

Simultaneousweeding,thinningandlinearrangement
isachievedthroughCRIJAFnailweederoperationin
broadcastjuteworkingitat5-6and8-10DAS
dependingonsoiltexture.
Broadcasting and line arrangement by
CRIJAF Nail Weeder

64. RELATIVE PERFORMANCES OF JUTE UNDER NAIL AND NO NAIL
SITUATION AT 30 DAS

65. EARLY WEED CONTROL BY CRIJAF NAIL
WEEDER AT SINGUR, HOOGLY
Line Maintananceby CRIJAF nail weeder.

66. Mechano-chemical weed control by CRIJAF Herbicide
Applicator from 15-21 DAE by using non-selective
herbicides, like Glyphosate. It could minimises 80 % weed
flora.
CRIJAF Herbicide applicatorCRIJAF Herbicide applicator

67. NONSELECTIVE HERBICIDE APPLICATION IN
BROADCAST JUTE USING CRIJAF HERBICIDE
APPLICATOR
Use of CRIJAF Herbicide applicatorUse of CRIJAF Herbicide applicator

68. Mulching for moisture conservation and weed control
Itshouldbepracticedwelldrainedalluvialorcoarsetextured
soil.
[email protected]/haappliedat
sowingtime.
Atfirstbroadcastjuteseedinthefield@5to6kg/ha.
Thenlaystrawbundlesinlineskeeping7-10cmgapin
betweenrowstofacilitatejuteseedgermination.
Itincreasedjutefiberyieldunderrainfedsituation,reduces
irrigationrequirementandreducesweedpressureinjute
field.

69. DROUGHT MANAGEMENT OF JUTE UNDER DEFICIT RAINFALL

fdhgg
Active jute growth under mulch (7.5 t/ha)
Stunted jute growth

70. Irrigation and Drainage:

Irrigation:
Onepre-sowingirrigation+2to3
additionalirrigationsathaircrackingstageforbetter
fiberandintercropgrowthandyield.
Drainage:
Thejutefieldshouldbeconnectedwith
asafeoutletthroughafieldditch(30-40cmdepth
and20cmwide)toremoveexcesswaterfromjute
field.Adequatedrainagefacilitymaybearrangedfor
propergrowthandyield.Drainageisverymuch
crucialforolitoriusjute.

71. Field ditch (20-30 cm deep) for drainage, for healthy jute crop

72. Jute crop at maturity under different water regime
Saturated
Waterlogged (20 to 30 cm)
Well drained
Water logged
(5 cm to 15cm)
(Well drained to 30 cm water logging)

73. Untimely flowering in jute is mainly due to-
PropertimeforsowingofWhitejuteisafter15
th
March-15
th
AprilandforTossa
15
th
April-15
th
May.Earlysowingleadstopre-matureflowering.Earlysowing
ofjutevarieties,likeBaisakhi,Savitriinshortdaylengthperiod.
Duetoun-favourableconditionslikeprolongeddrought,dryair,stuntedgrowth,
lowfertilityofsoil,cloudyweatheretc.
Juteisashortdayplant.Soprolongedcloudyweatherresultspre-mature
flowering.
Pre-mature flowering in jute
Premature flowering is harmful to jute fiber production. It
often reduces fiber yield and deteriorate the quality.
Premature flowering can be over come by applying 2% urea
solution at the time of flower initiation.

74. I
NSECT
P
ESTSTATUSONJUTE
Name of the Insect Pest Yield loss
Semilooper (Anomissabulifera) 50%
Indigo caterpillar (Spodopteraexigua) 20%
Stem weevil(Apioncorchori) 18%
Mite (Polyphagotarsonemuslatus) 42%
Hairy caterpillar (Spilosoma obliqua) Major
Grey weevil (Myllocerusdiscolor) Minor
Mealy bug(Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Phenacoccus solenopsis)Minor
The avoidable losses in fiber yield due to multiple infestations
by insect pests in JUTE were 31 -34% in West Bengal

75. Jute Semilooper
DamageSymptoms
Thecaterpillarsfeedontheleavesof
theshootsandbuds.
Theydevourapicalleaves
budsandcauseretardationofgrowth
inapicalregionandinducedsidebra
nching.

76. S
EMILOOPER
D
AMAGE
SYMPTOMSONJUTE

77. CulturalMethods
Removingofweedsfromthefieldandalsoaroundthefield
Deepploughingofinfestedfieldinthesummertoexpose
thepupaeinthesun.
Earlysowing,useofshortdurationvarieties.
Avoidingcloserplantspacing.
Mechanical Methods
Settinguplighttrap1-2nos/acretomonitor,attractandkillthemoths.
Biological Methods
Releasingof Trichogammachlionis /Chrysoperlacarnea
atweeklyintervals@50000nos./acreforfourtimes.
ApplicationofBtbasedpesticides@1 mlorgm/litofwater.
ChemicalMethods : Sprayingwith
Spinosad45%SC @1ml/5litor
Chlorpyriphos20%EC @2.5ml/litor
Lufenuron5.8%EC @1ml/litor
Quinalphos25%EC @2ml/litor
Triazophos40%EC @ 1ml/litor
Acephate75%WP @0.75gm/litor
Profenophos50%EC @1ml/litofwaterisrecommended.
Management of
Jute Semilooper

78. Jute Stem Weevil
Damagesymptoms.
Thefemaleweevilmakeovipositionholesat
thebaseoftheleafstalkandlayeggsinside
theholes.
Thegrubfeedsinsideandcausingwounds.
Themucilaginoussubstanceoftheplantoozes
outfromthewoundsandmixedwiththeexcreta
andhardenattheadjoiningtissue,
formsaknot,thefibersbrokenatthetimeof
processing.

79. CulturalMethods
Removingofweedsfromthefieldandalsoaroundthefield
Deepploughingofinfestedfieldinthesummertoexpose
thepupaeinthesun.
Earlysowing,useofshortdurationvarieties.
Avoidingcloserplantspacing.
Mechanical Methods
Settingofpheromonetrap@4-6 nos/ acre.
Chemical Methods :
Sprayingwith
Spinosad45%SC @1ml/5litor
Chlorpyriphos20%EC @2.5ml/litor
Quinalphos25%EC @2ml/litor
Carbaryl50%WDP @2.5gm/litor
Phosalone35%EC @2ml/litor
Rynaxypyr18.5%SC @1ml/3litofwaterc
anbesuggested.
Jute Stem Weevil
Management

80. Bihar Hairy Catterpiller(Spilosomaobliqua)
DamageSymptoms
Itisapolyphagouspest.
Larvaefeedgregariouslyonleafepidermisanddefoliate
theentireplants.
FoundsmostlyinthemonthofAugust–September.
Earlystagearegregarious.Latertheydisperseandfeed
independently.

81. H
AIRYCATERPILLARINFESTATIONONJUTE
Early instar larvae : Gregarious. Symptoms of damage on leaf.

82. H
AIRYCATERPILLARINFESTATIONSYMPTOMSONJUTE

83. ControlMeasures of Bihar Hairy Caterpillar
CulturalMethods
Deepsummerploughing.
Collectionanddestructionofeggmassesandyounglarvae.
Adequateplantspacingshouldbeprovided.
Avoidingpremonsoonsowing.
Chemical Methods
SprayingwithTriazophos40%EC @1ml/ litreor
Chloropyriphos20%EC @2.5ml/ litreor
Quinalphos25%EC @2ml/ litreor
Fenvelarate20 % [email protected]/ litofwateriseffective.
Spray of 2 % soap water solution over the insect pests gives
effective Control.

84. I
NDIGOCATERPILLARONJUTE
Aminorinsectpest,found
mostlyinearlysownjute.
Theyfeedsonjuteleaveand
retardsthegrowth.
They occurs in the early growth stage.
So they can be
eliminated during thinning of jute
plants.

85. Grey Weevil
(Myllocerusdiscolor)
ItisaminorpestofJute.It
feedsongreenportionof
leavesbymakingsmallholes
onit.
Management
Same as jute stem weevil

86. Jute Grey Weevil
damage
symptoms.
Jute Grey Weevil

87. J
UTESTEMGIRDLER
They infect the olitoriusjute. They lays their eggs inside jute stem by making
Girdle. Later the plant breaks from the girdle. Their attack begins in June –July.
Chemical Methods
SprayingwithTriazophos40%EC @1ml/ litreor
Chloropyriphos20%EC @2.5ml/ litreor
Quinalphos25%EC @2ml/ litreor
Fenvelarate20 % [email protected]/ litofwateriseffective.

88. S
PODOPTERA
L
ITURA
O
N
J
UTE
They damage tossajute by defoliating, feeding and cutting the terminal succulent
portion of stem, resulting drooping and drying of stem that eventually reduced the
quality and subsequently yield.
Management
Same as Hairy Caterpillar

89. D
AMAGESYMPTOMS
OF
S
PODOPTERAL
ITURA
O
N
J
UTE

90. YellowMiteDamageSymptomsonJute
Bothadultsandnymphscausesseriousdamagetojute
cropbysuckingsapfromleaves.
Yellowmitessucksapfromtheapicalleaves.
Theaffectedleavesgetcurled,becomecopperycolour
edandshadepermanently,causinglossinyield.
CulturalControl.
Irrigationshouldbegivenaspreventive
measureandproperdrainageshouldbe
maintained.Thispestattackbecomesevere
duringdraughtandtheydisappearsafter
onsetofmonsoon.
Chemical Control
SprayingwithBifenazate50%WS@1ml/litorFlufenzine20%SC@1ml/litor
Spiromesofen22.9%SC@1ml/litorPropergite57%EC@2ml/litor
Fenpyroximate5%[email protected]/litorSulphur80%WP@3
gm/litreofwater.Ifneeded,anothersprayafter10daysofthefirstspraymaybere
commended.
Yellow Mite

91. Y
ELLOWMITEDAMAGESYMPTOMSONJUTE

92. Y
ELLOWMITEDAMAGESYMPTOMSONJUTE
Under surface of
the mite infected
leaf of jute

93. INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
IN
J
UTE

Itsobjectiveistokeeppestspopulation
belowharmful(ET)levelinsteadof
eradication.

Protectandconservetheenvironment
includingbiodiversity.

Makeplantprotectionfeasible,safeand
economicalevenforthesmallerfarmers.

94. MANAGEMENT
THROUGH
I.P.M.

Selection of species / varieties, resistant to a disease / pest.

Clean cultivation

Adjustment of soil pH through adding lime

Use of clean and Certified seed

Adjustment of sowing time

Application of Balanced fertilizer

Proper spacing

Timely weeding and thinning

Proper drainage

Crop rotation

Need based application of chemicals

Biological control measures

95. ADVANTAGES OF INTEGRATED PEST
MANAGEMENT

More efficient and low cost method of control

Does not upset the ecological balance of nature

Delays the development of resistance

Minimizes the residue hazards of pesticides

96. TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATED
PEST MANAGEMENT

GoodAgriculturalPractice(GAP)

IntegratedCropManagement(ICM)

ForsustainableagricultureIPMmustbea
componentofGAPorICM.

Itincludesprofitablemanagementofcrop
withrespecttoenvironment.

Itisadynamicsystemsuitatedtolocalsoil,
climateandeconomicconditions.

98. NEMATODE DISEASE
ROOT KNOT
VIRAL DISEASES
MOSAIC / YELLOW MOSAIC
CHLOROSIS
YELLOW VEIN
FUNGAL DISEASES
STEM ROT
ANTHRACNOSE
COLLAR ROT
BLACK BAND
DISEASES
OF JUTE
BACTERIAL DISEASE
HOOGHLY WILT

99. STEM ROT OF JUTE
C.O.
MACROPHOMINAPHASEOLINA

Mostseriousdiseaseofjute

ItdamagesbothOlitoriusandCapsularisvarieties

Extentofdamagedependsonrainfallpattern,soil
temperatureandsoilmoisture

MoreinacidsoilwithpHbelow5.8andKdeficiency.

Dosage of N above 60 Kg/ha encourages this disease.
Average yield loss due to STEM ROT disease is about 10%, but
it can go up to 35 -40% in severe condition

100. SYMPTOMS OF STEM ROT
DISEASE
(
C
.
O
.
MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLINA)

Dampingoff:Newseedlingsrotaboveandbelowsoil.

Seedlingblight:Cotyledonsturnbrowntoblackand
seedlingsdie.

Stemrot:Darkbrownlesiononstemmayextendupto
10-15cmorhigher,extendverticallyorhorizontally,
plantswiltorbreak.

Leafblight:leavesofyoungplantgetblighted.

Rootrot/collarrot:rootandcollarregiongetrotted.
Five types of symptoms :

101. STEM ROT INFECTED JUTE FIELD
Continuous rain and high RH
and temperature around 34
o
C
are congenial.

102. Seedling blight and damping off symptoms of stem rot

103. Leaf blight symptom of jute
C.O. Macrophominaphaseolina
Brown spots on leaves appear as a result of
stem rot during June –July.

104. Initiation of
leaf blight
symptom.

105. STEM ROT SYMPTOMS OF JUTE
Stem infection
comes from
blighted leaves
through petioles
and nodes.
C.O.
Macrophomina phaseolina

106. RR
OOTROT
Plants wilt, defoliate and
stand as naked stem and
finally die.
Root are rotten and brown
in colour, rootlets absent.
Stem turns dark brown to
black.
OTHER SYMPTOMS OF STEM ROT
Rotting of root of jute plant by
Macrophominaphaseolina
Low soil pH, lack of soil aeration, water
stagnation and potash deficiency in soil
favoursRoot rot

107. DD
AMAGEDROOTOFJUTE
DUETOROOTROT

108. Stem rot affects both fibre and seed yield of jute.
STEM ROT OF JUTE

109. Brown spot on the stem
The rotting of stem may
extend up to 10 -15 cm or
higher
Advanced stage of brown spot
on the stem
STEM ROT OF JUTE

110. Drooping of leaves
and wilting as a
result of stem rot
Healthy
plant
Advanced stage of
high damage by
stem rot in jute
STEM ROT OF JUTE

111. Breaking of stem as a result
of stem rot
STEM ROT OF JUTE

112. Continuous rain and high
RH and temperature
around 34
o
C
are congenial for this
disease.
STEM ROT OF JUTE

113. MANAGEMENTAL PRACTISES FOR STEM ROT OF JUTE
CulturalMethods
1.Useofcleanandcertifiedjuteseeds.
2.SeedsshouldbetreatedseedtreatingagentslikeThiram,
Bavistin,etc.beforesowing
3.ImprovementofsoilpHbyaddinglime;
4.Applicationofpotashbetween50to100Kg/hainsoilas
basal.
5.Gooddrainageandimprovementofporosity(inclaysoil)
withorganicmatter.
6.Encouragelinesowingwithproperspacing,weeding,and
thinning.
7.Croprotationofjutewithpaddy.
8.Sincethefunguscansurviveonlinseed,sesamumand
cowpea,theseplantsshouldnotbegrowninjutefields.
9.Soilapplicationoforganicmanureandconcentrated
organicmanureslikeoilcake etcreducesthechancesof
diseasesurvivalinsoil.

114. A preventive application of Copper oxychloride
fundicide@ 4 gm/ L of water over the plants gives
satisfactory result.
Chemical Methods
MANAGEMENTAL PRACTISES FOR STEM ROT OF JUTE
Soil application of Trichodermaviridaewith well rottonFYM gives
good control.
Spray of Carbendazim, Thiophanatemethyl, Propiconazole
fundicideson infected plant parts gives effective control.

115. H
OOGHLYWILTOF
J
UTE
Symptoms:

Wiltingofleavesstartsfromthe
baseupwards

Affectedstemsaresoft

Slimyfluidcomesoutonslight
pressing

Oozetestpositive.

A bacterial disease
C.O. Ralstoniasolanacearum
FungiM.phaseominaandM.incognita
facilitatetheentryofthebacteria

116. H
OOGHLYWILTOF
J
UTE
Cultural control :
Common hosts like potato
or other solanaceaous
crops in rotation with jute
are to be avoided.
Chemical control:
Seed treatment with Carbendazim50WP
@ 2 g/kg and spraying the same
fungicide @ 2 g/l of watereduce the
disease incidence.

117. B
LACK
B
ANDDISEASEOFJUTE
It was a minor disease earlier,

It was a minor disease earlier,
but gradually fast spreading on
new varieties.

Now incidence is quiet high.

Affects both species of jute.

Causes serious damage in older
crops from July onwards.

Often no fiber and seed may be
obtained.
Clean cultivation, seed treatment with Carbendazim50 WP @
2g/kg and foliar application of Carbendazim50 WP@ 2g/ L of
water or Copper oxychloride@ 4 -5 g/l water or Mancozeb@
4-5 g/l water provides effective management.

118. Yellowing of leaves with patterns of
yellow and green by jute mosaic virus
Mosaic virus disease of juteMosaic virus disease of jute
In general, rouging of diseased plant and spraying
of Imidacloprid17.8 SL @ 0.3% could prevent the
spread of the disease.
White fly Bemisiaspacts as the vector

119. Die Back (
GlomerellaCingulate
) of Jute
Affectedplantsbegintodryfrom
thetipdownwardsatalmostfull
grownstage.
Thisfungusisseedandairborne.
Theaffectedpartbecomes
brownishandstarteddryingfrom
thetipandmovesdownwardsat
almostfullgrowthstage.
Tossajuteareinfectedbythis
diseasemostfrequently

120. Soft Rot ( ) of JuteSoft Rot (
SclerotiumRolfsii
) of Jute
This disease can cause a
huge decrease in yield of
jute and many other crops
Thediseaseappearsfirstnear
thegroundleveloftheplant.It
spreadsrapidlyafterrainfallas
whitecottonymyceliagrowth
nearthecollarregionofjute
crop.
Footoftheplantisrottendue
totheattackofthisdisease
andthewholeplantbreaks
down.
Spraying of Hexaconazole,
Thiophanatemethyl could
stop its spreading

121. Anthracnose is very important
disease of jute plants. When it
occurs at mature stages, the plant
does not die but the fibrequality
deteriorate very badly .
This disease is seen as more
common in White jute plants
(Corchoruscapsularis) than
Tossajute (Corchorus
olitorius).
Anthracnose of JuteAnthracnose
(ColletotrichumCorchori)
of Jute
A cankerous lesion develops
on the stem.

122. TipblightofJute
C.O. Curvulariasubulata
Earlierminordiseasebutnow
increasingandestablishinginnew
varieties,e.g.,JRO8432
FirstreportfromChakchakanear
Coochbehar(WB)
Blightingoftendertissueatthetip.
Topleavesturnsbrowntoblack
andwatersoaked.

123. Root knot nematode (Meloidogynespp.)
C. capsularis C. olitorius
Extent of damage : 15 –20 %
Soil applications of Carbofuranand Fenamiphosat 2 kg a.I./Ha found effective in
controlling nematode and increasing fibreyield of jute.
Soil application of Neemcake / Karanjacake @ 20 Kg / bighais also beneficial.
Crop rotation with paddy & wheat could reduce the nematode population in soil.

124. S
TRATEGYINDISEASEMANAGEMENTOFJUTE
AGRONOMIC MANIPULATION
Crop Rotation, Crop residues,
Spacing, Drainage, Weeding
FUNGICIDE SPRAY
carbendazim, mancozeb
copper oxy chloride
SEED TREATMENT
carbendazim, mancozeb,
Trichoderma
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
SOIL TREATMENT
Lime, FYM, Sun,

125. Clean cultivation: Destruction of stubbles of previous crop.

Clean cultivation: Destruction of stubbles of previous crop.


Spacing: Row to row 25 –30 cm and plant to plant 5 –6 cm by
thinning (5-6 lakh plants /ha)

Drainage: Poorly drained soil attract more disease.

Weeding: Weeds are hosts of pathogens. Stem rot, soft rot and
Hooghly wilt have wide host range.

Fertilizer: Balanced, NPK: (30+15+15):30:30

Organic manure: FYM or compost 7 –8 tonnes/ha before sowing.

Adjustment of sowing time: Early sowing in March invited more
stem rot and it was proportionately reduced in later sown crops.
AGRONOMIC MANIPULATION
Early sowing in March invited more stem rot and it was
proportionately reduced in later sown crops.

126. Bothwhiteandtossajutevarietiesshowedincreasing

Bothwhiteandtossajutevarietiesshowedincreasing
trendofinfectionwiththeincreaseinnitrogenous
fertilizerdose.Hence,higherdoseofnitrogenous
fertilizersmaybediscouraged.

Applicationofphosphaticandpotassicfertilizers
reducesthediseaseincidence.

Jutecropshouldnotberotatedwithsolanaceouscrops
like,potato,brinjal,tomatoetc.asitincreasesthe
chancesofoccurrenceofHooghlywiltdisease.

Itisrecommendedtoremoveanddestroythestubbles
andselfsownplantsinordertoavoidthecarryoverof
thedisease.

Ploughingthefieldaftertheharvestofthecropmay
exposethepathogentothehotsunandkillthem.
AGRONOMIC MANIPULATION

127. SEED TREATMENT

Carbendazim(Bavistin50WP;JKStein50WP;
Derosal)@2.0g/kgseed.

Mancozeb(IndofilM45,DithaneM45)@5.0g
/kgseed.

Trichodermaharzianum,[email protected]/kg
seed

Tebuconazole(Raxil-5)@2-2.5g/kg.

Captan@5g/kgseed.
It minimizes the chance of disease occurrence

128. Harvesting & Retting of JuteHarvesting & Retting of Jute
Harvestingofjuteplantsshouldbedoneatproperstageofmaturity
between110to120daysforquickrettingandqualityfiberproduction.
Over-agedplantstakelongerperiodforrettingwithdeteriorationinfiber
quality,thoughthefiberyieldishigh.
Itisrecommendedthatafterharvesting,juteplantsshouldbebundledand
heapedinthefieldfor2–3daysfordefoliation.Defoliationpriortoretting
willreducetransportandhandlingchargesandreturnorganicmaterialsto
thesoilandreducetheamountoforganicloaddischargedtotheretting
waters.
KeepingDhaincha(Sesbaniaaculeate),Sunnhemp(Crotalariajuncea)plants
andGliricidialeavesascoveringmaterialsorinbetweenthejakreduced
therettingperiodby3-5days.
Rettingshouldbedoneinfreeflowingwater.Itcanalsobedonein
stagnantwaterbutthewatershouldbenon-saline&clean.Jutebundles
whenimmersedinwatershouldnottouchthebottomoftheground.
Concreteblock,woodenlog,oldcementbagsfilledwithsand,mudorstone
canbeusedascoveringmaterialsforproperimmersionofjutebundlesin
water

129. Harvested jute crops are kept in the
field for defoliation

130. Harvesting & Retting of JuteHarvesting & Retting of Jute
Donotkeepthejuteplantsinthefieldbeyond120days,
harvestingofjuteplantsbeyond120daysofcropagewilldelay
therettingaswellasdeterioratethequalityoffiber.
Donotusemudorbananaplantstocoverthejutebundles/jakfor
rettingasitwillendupgivingblackcolortothejutefibrealso
knownas“Shyamla”.
Thesamerettingtankorditchshouldnotbeusedforrettingwhen
waterbecomesdirtyandadditionoffreshwaterisalsonot
possible,otherwiseitwillleadtotheproductionofveryinferior
qualityfiberwithdarkcolour.
Donotover-retjuteplants.Over-rettingofjutewillproduce
inferiorqualityoffiberandthusthepriceoftheproductwill
decrease.