In situ conservation

In-situ Conservation

1. Sukriti Singh A0523113081 BTBM/13/242

2. Conservation Conservation  is an ethic of resource use, allocation, and protection. Its primary focus is upon maintaining the health of the natural world, its fisheries, habitats, and biological diversity. Secondary focus is on materials conservation and energy conservation, which are seen as important to protect the natural world. Conservation is not about protecting genes, species or ecosystem, but it is protecting the processes of life i.e. Conservation is based on the mandate to maintain the threats of life as they arrive from past abide in present and depart for future.

3. BIODIVERSITY Biodiversity refers to the variety and variability among all groups of living organisms and the ecosystem complexes in which they occur. In the Convention of Biological diversity (1992) biodiversity has been defined as the variability among living organisms from all sources including inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part.

4. Need for Biodiversity Conservation The enormous value of biodiversity due to their genetic, commercial, medical, aesthetic importance and ecological importance emphasizes the need to conserve biodiversity.

5. Gradually we are coming to realize that wildlife is not just “ a game to be hunted ”, rather it is “ a gift of nature ” to be nurtured.

6. What Actions Can be Taken? Establishing Protected areas, Species protection and recovery measures Ex situ and insitu conservation of genetic diversity Restoration Increased coordination Capture of benefits by local communities, Public awareness and education Enhanced capacity for assessing the consequences of ecosystem change Increased integration of sectoral responses Integration of biodiversity conservation and development Increased accountability of performance in decisions Scientific data need to be made available to all sectors of society

7. Region Protected % Area Protected Africa 90,899 3.1 Madagascar 740 1.3 Asia 42,525 1.4 Americas 67,506 3.9

8. What Is In-situ Conservation ?

9. Sowing the seeds of In-situ method This led to the use of In-situ as the method of conservation of Biodiversity.

10. Advantages

11. Risks and Disadvantages

12. Protected Areas As in World

13. #1. Protected Areas Governments set aside land to protect species Provincial and National Parks Allow animals to live in relatively undisturbed environments 2,44,540 square kilometers of Canada is national park land

14. National Parks A  national park  is a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that a sovereign state declares or owns . IUCN and its World Commission on Protected Areas, has defined "National Park" as its  Category II  type of protected areas. United States established the first such one,  Yellowstone National Park , in 1872.

15. The largest national park in the world meeting the IUCN definition is the  Northeast Greenland National Park , which was established in 1974. National parks are almost always open to visitors . Provide outdoor recreation and camping opportunities as well as classes designed to educate the public on the importance of conservation and the natural wonders of the land in which the national park is located. Activities such as grazing, forestry or cultivation are NOT ALLOWED.

16. Canadian National Parks Maps

17. List of National Parks in Western Canada Banff Jasper Waterton Lakes Elk Island Wood Buffalo Glacier Gulf Islands Kootenay Mount Revel stoke Yoho Gwaii Haanas Pacific Rim Riding Mountain Wapusk Grasslands Prince Albert Ivvavik Kluane Vuntut Nahanni

18. Few National Parks around The world Yellow Stone National Park , United States Position of Yellowstone National Park, lies on the Pacific Ring of Fire Belt Region.

19. Banff National Park  in Alberta, Canada Jaldapara , National Park , West Bengal Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park, in California.

20. Wildlife Sancturies A  wildlife refuge , also called a  wildlife sanctuary , is a naturally occurring sanctuary, such as an island, that provides protection for species from hunting, predation or competition . It is a protected area, a geographic territory within which wildlife is protected.  Wildlife refuges are generally officially designated territories. It is created by government legislation, publicly or privately owned. Chernobyl nuclear accident site has accidentally become a wildlife refuge . It preserves the animals that are endangered or about to be extinct.

21. Establishing Wildlife Corridors Corridors are important to share genetic information between populations All levels of government must work together to make these work

22. Bioreserves Area containing a wildlife preserve bordered by a buffer zone in which more frequent use is permitted to the public , established as a way of integrating habitat conservation with the interests of the local community . Protection is granted not only to the flora and fauna of the protected region, but also to the human communities who inhabit these regions, and their ways of life.

23. Areas of Bioreserves Core Area : Area containing endangered or Red listed species, here no human activity is permitted, only scientific research to conserve them takes place here. Buffer Area : generally a  zonal  area that lies between two or more other areas, limited Human intervention is permitted in this area in form of recreation, Tourism, Education and Training, Scientific Research continues. Transitional Area: This is the area where humans live and access the area to maximum, here wildlife do not enter while recreation, education, training and tourism continues, little of scientific research occurs.

24. Nine of the Eighteen biosphere reserves are a part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, based on the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme list. Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve TamilNadu ,  Kerala ,  Karnataka 2000 Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve Tamil Nadu 2001 Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve[[ West  Bengal]]2001 Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve Uttarakhand 2004

25. Nokrek Biosphere Reserve Meghalaya2009 Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve Madhya Pradesh 2009 Simlipal Biosphere Reserve Odisha 2008 Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve Chhattisgarh ,  Madhya Pradesh 2012 Nicobar Islands Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2013

26. In 2009, India designated Cold Desert of Himachal Pradesh as a biosphere reserve. On September 20, 2010, the Ministry of Environment and Forests designated  Seshachalam Hills as the 17th biosphere reserve. Panna (Madhya Pradesh) was scheduled to become the 18th on August 25, 2011.

27. Potential sites for Biosphere Reserves Following is the list of potential sites for Biosphere Reserves as selected by Ministry of Forests and Environment: Namdapha, Arunachal Pradesh Thar Desert, Rajasthan Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat Kavalam , Assam Kanha, Madhya Pradesh North Islands of Andaman and Nicobar Tawang and West Kamang Abujmarh, Chhattisgarh Chintapalli , Andhra Pradesh Lakshadweep Islands, Lakshadweep Singhbhum Seshachallam Blue Mountain

28. Function Of Bioreserves Fulfil 3 basic functions, which are complementary and mutually reinforcing: -A conservation function - to contribute to the conservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species and genetic variation; - A development function - to foster economic and human development which is socio-culturally and ecologically sustainable; -A logistic function - to provide support for research, monitoring, education and information exchange related to local, national and global issues of conservation and development.

29. Its not The End !! Its just the start of a new Beginning !! Thank You