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1. Managing Chapter 2, Lesson 3: Week 9 THE MATERIAL SELF

2. ABSTRACTION In Sir Conan Arthur Doyle's 'Sherlock Holmes: The Sign of Four', the infamous fictional detective Sherlock Holmes was challenged by his loyal friend, Dr. James Watson, to say something about the owner of a watch he has at hand. Throughout the novels and series, Sherlock Holmes would keenly observe things like a shirt, jacket, pants, jewelry, hat, cane etc. This connection of the Self to one's possession has been an interest of the social sciences, particularly anthropology and psychology. CHAPTER 2 LESSON 3: WEEK 9

3. MATERIAL SELF The CHAPTER 2 LESSON 3: WEEK 9 1 William James was one of the first to describe the self as the totality of everything that one calls his or hers, which included what he called the "material self". The material self focuses more on the body, our clothes and belongingness, our immediate family, as well as our home. William James 2 Russell Belk further researched on the material self and theorized on how objects become extensions of ourselves and our identities. These objects extend ourselves in space and time. A tool helps double our strength, a weapon extends our reach, a uniform helps us relate with a group (Belk 1988). Russell Belk 3 Sartre noted three ways which we connect with objects: Through controlling an object (Ex: learning to ride a bike) Through creating or buying (Ex: making your own project, buying a phone or any object) Through knowing about something (Ex: investing time in your studies) Jean-Paul Sartre

4. OTHER CONCEPTS RELATED TO THE MATERIAL SELF This material self is also related to other concepts like materialism and self-esteem. Using the works of Richins and Dawson (1992). materialism is about the belief of a person on the importance of material objects to the achievement of happiness or success (Chan 2019). Several psychological studies support that materialism is inversely related to self-esteem. Furthermore, a study by Richins (1994) found that highly materialistic people put value on their belongings for their use, especially as a boost for social status. CHAPTER 2 LESSON 3: WEEK 9

5. CHAPTER 2 LESSON 3: WEEK 9 Self & Objects 1 2 3 THE INFANT DISTINGUISHES SELF FROM ENVIRONMENT THE INFANT DISTINGUISHES SELF FROM OTHERS POSSESSIONS HELP ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS MANAGE THEIR IDENTITIES; AND THROUGH LIFE STAGES 4 POSSESSIONS HELP THE OLD PERSONS HAVE A SENSE OF CONTINUITY AND PREPARATION FOR DEATH. ACCORDING TO BELK (1988) THERE COULD BE FOUR STAGES OF THIS DEVELOPMENT:

6. Further explained by Jarrett (2013), he said that our relationship with the material world starts with the idea that whoever gets something first is its owner. "Finders keepers," so to speak. It is when a child finds a toy and does not want to let go of it, or if a baby throws a tantrum because their toy is taken from them. CHAPTER 2 LESSON 3: WEEK 9 1 THE INFANT DISTINGUISHES SELF FROM ENVIRONMENT

7. These objects were seen as "transitional objects" which aims to develop the skills of a child toward more independence. Studies show that the more parents are engaged in parenting, the less the child becomes attached or dependent on these things (Jarrett 2013). CHAPTER 2 LESSON 3: WEEK 9 2 THE INFANT DISTINGUISHES SELF FROM OTHERS

8. In adolescents, the attachment to objects increasingly depends on who the people are, or how they want to be perceived, especially by their peers. Teens give more importance to having similar items with their peers as a sense of shared identity as well as an attempt to be different from their parents (Jarrett 2013). CHAPTER 2 LESSON 3: WEEK 9 3 POSSESSIONS HELP ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS MANAGE THEIR IDENTITIES; AND

9. Young people seems to value possessions based on "emotional attachment" like the happiness that you get from it; its "social meaning", especially the ability or the object to attract people or make you feel that you belong; and "personal association" or how an object is related to our concept of self. CHAPTER 2 LESSON 3: WEEK 9

10. The adult self continues to extend to more objects as the needs as well as the means to acquire changes. The material self also gets on a more specific interest. CHAPTER 2 LESSON 3: WEEK 9

11. Old age brings another aspect to the relationship between the owner and the object. The object now becomes a vessel of memory, like a camera you used to bring in your travels, a source of comfort as well as an achievement, like a trophy or diploma, and it becomes a sort of legacy for the future, like your house and lot that you will pass down to your children. CHAPTER 2 LESSON 3: WEEK 9 4 POSSESSIONS HELP THE OLD PERSONS HAVE A SENSE OF CONTINUITY AND PREPARATION FOR DEATH.

12. Ideas on Managing Resources Keep your perspective in check. CHAPTER 2 LESSON 3: WEEK 9 Have money, do not just pretend. The love of money, not the money itself, causes the problem. Some people are so focused on getting money that they will violate the law just to get it. Identify what you need. Focus on long-term goals rather than temporary satisfactions. Or as others say, " The goal is to be rich, not to look rich." Pretension can only go so much. Working to have money and having the money to buy what you need is what's most important.

13. Ideas on Managing Resources Have your own goal, take your own time. CHAPTER 2 LESSON 3: WEEK 9 Budget, budget, budget. Have a proper goal. Identify short-term and long-term financial goals so that you can focus on what you need to achieve first. The goal is to become financially stable. A budget gives us a realistic idea of what we can spend on what we want and what we have to spend on for our needs (bills, food & water).

14. Ideas on Managing Resources Save in order to be safe. CHAPTER 2 LESSON 3: WEEK 9 Keep your spending habits in check. Savings can help provide security especially in emergency situations (Ex: accidents, hospitalization, emergency travel) Make a list for when you go to the grocery. Avoid using credit. Avoid impulse buying. Savings first before anything else. Reward yourself according to your budget.

15. Ideas on Managing Resources Increase income flow. CHAPTER 2 LESSON 3: WEEK 9 Good debt vs. Bad debt Find legal ways to have an additional income (Ex: finding a part-time job, be an online seller or create social media contents). Simply put, good dept helps in making our money grow in the long-term (ex: investing in a business so you borrowed money from the bank) while bad debt doesn't give us any benefits at all (Ex; gambling debts, loans that you cannot pay)

16. Ideas on Managing Resources Make your money grow. CHAPTER 2 LESSON 3: WEEK 9 Protect the future. This one talks about passive income options (Ex: stock market investment, putting your money in a bank, bonds, royalties, real estate (lands and houses)). It also helps to do extensive research first before investing in anything to make sure that it is legal and legitimate since there are a lot of scammers nowadays. Invest in your and your family's insurance. This can be an emergency, educational, or health/life insurance. Just like in the previous number, make sure to properly research the insurance company that you will be investing your money on.

17. Ideas on Managing Resources Your greatest investment is still yourself. CHAPTER 2 LESSON 3: WEEK 9 Enjoy life no matter what. This talks about self improvement. (Ex: your own education, improving your skills and talents, making time for your hobbies) This talks about other things that makes you happy besides money and material possessions. We should also find enjoyment in other things in life to have a fulfilling life.

18. THANK YOU  CHAPTER 2 LESSON 3: WEEK 9