inbound820144093768691089.pdf presentation

Physio

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
•TO EXPLAIN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSECT
PHYSIOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY.
•TO DEFINE DIFFERENT TERMINOLOGIES RELATED TO
INSECT PHYSIOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY.
•EXPLAIN AND DICUSS INSECT METABOLISM IN RELATION
TO INSECT PHYSIOLOGY
•TO DISCUSS THE IMPORTANCE OF KNOWING THE
INSECTICIDE USE PATTERNS.

3. GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY TOXICOLOGY
GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY
fundamental processes and functions of living
organisms, including how their systems operate
and interact.
TOXICOLOGY
branch of physiology, focuses on the study of
harmful substances and their effects on the
body.

4. GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY TOXICOLOGY
•CHEMICAL CONTROL
•ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
•INSECT PHYSIOLOGY
•STUDY OF HOW THE BODIES OF INSECT'S WORK, INCLUDING THEIR
INTERNAL FUNCTIONS LIKE DIGESTION, BREATHING, CIRCULATION,
AND HOW THEY SENSE AND RESPOND TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT.

5. DEFINITION OF
TERMS

6. DEFINITION OF
TERMS

7. DEFINITION OF
TERMS

8. DEFINITION OF
TERMS

9. DEFINITION OF
TERMS

10. CONCEPT OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY
AND TOXICOLOGY
•IT IS DESIRABLE TO STUDY INSECT PHYSIOLOGY TO IDENTIFY AND
UNDERSTAND SYSTEMS THAT ARE UNIQUE TO INSECTS AND NOT
FOUND IN MAMMALS, BIRDS, REPTILES OR FISH.
•IF INSECTICIDES ARE DEVELOPED THAT TARGET THOSE SYSTEMS, AND
ONLY THOSE SYSTEMS, THERE IS A GOOD CHANCE THAT THE
INSECTICIDES WILL BE NON-TOXIC TO OTHER SPECIES AND
THEREFORE SAFE TO HANDLE AND SAFE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT IN
WHICH THEY ARE USED. F

11. THE INSECT
•MOST ABUNDANT AND DIVERSE GROUP OF
ORGANISMS ON EARTH
•ANIMAL BELONG TO PHYLUM ARTHROPODA OR
SIMPLY ARTHROPODS ((80% WORLD ANIMAL
SPECIES ARE ARTHROPODS)
•THEY ARE SEGMENTED, BILATERALLY SYMMETRICAL,
HARD CHITINOUS EXOSKELETON AND PAIRED
APPENDAGES

12. THE INSECT
•INSECTS LIKE ANY OTHER FORM OF LIFE, CAN BE REGARDED AS
SELF REPLICATING METABOLIC SYSTEM.
•POSSESS THE CATALYSTS AND COFACTORS TO PROMOTE A
PARTICULAR PATTERN OF ENERGY AND MATERIAL
TRANSFORMATION TO SUSTAIN A PARTICULAR TYPE OF
METABOLISM.
•SUCH PATTERN INVOLVES THE BREAKDOWN OF COMPLEX
ORGANIC MOLECULAR AND THE SYNTHESIS, FROM SIMPLER
MOLECULES, OF COMPONENT OF THE METABOLIC SYSTEM ITSELF.

13. THE INSECT-TWO KEY
METABOLIC PROCESSES
•CATABOLISM-THIS IS THE BREAKDOWN OF
COMPLEX ORGANIC MOLECULES INTO
SIMPLER ONES.
•ANABOLISM-THIS IS THE SYNTHESIS
PROCESS, WHERE SIMPLER MOLECULES ARE
USED TO BUILD MORE COMPLEX MOLECULES
THAT ARE ESSENTIAL FOR THE INSECT'S
BODY.

14. REASONS OF STUDYING INSECTS
•THEIR UNPARALLED DIVERSITY
•KNOWLEDGE OF INSECT IS ISSENTIAL
•THEY TRANSMIT DISEASES (VECTOR)
•ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE

15. PHYSIOLOGY
•IT IS BRANCH OF BIOLOGY THAT STUDIES THE FUNCTIONS
OF LIVING ORGANISMS OR THEIR PARTS.
•THE TOTAL PROCESS TENDING TO THE MAINTENANCE AND
REPLICATION OF A METABOLIC SYSTEM.

16. INSECT PHYSIOLOGY
•THE STUDY OF THE FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF INSECT TISSUES
AND ORGANS.
•LIFE FORMS IN RELATION TO FEEDING, DIGESTION, NUTRITION,
CIRCULATION, RESPIRATION, EXCRETION, MUSCULAR MOVEMENT,
BEHAVIOR, GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, AND REPRODUCTION.

17. INSECT POSSESS CHARACTERS THAT EFFECT THEIR
PHYSIOLOGY

18. INSECT POSSESS CHARACTERS THAT EFFECT THEIR
PHYSIOLOGY

19. INSECT POSSESS CHARACTERS THAT EFFECT THEIR
PHYSIOLOGY

20. INSECT POSSESS CHARACTERS THAT EFFECT THEIR
PHYSIOLOGY

21. RELATED
FIELD
INSECT MORPHOLOGY
INSECT SYSTEMATIC
INSECT ECOLOGY
Medicinal entomology

22. TOXICOLOGY
•FIELD OF SCIENCE THAT HELP US UNDERSTAND
THE HARMFUL EFFECTS THAT CHEMICALS,
SUBSTANCES, OR SOLUTIONS, THAT CAN HAVE
ON PEOPLE, ANIMALS, AND THE ENVIRONMENT.
•THE SCIENCE DEALING WITH EFFECTS,
ANTIDOTES, DETECTION OF POISONS
•FROM THE GREEK WORDS“TOXICOS”

23. SEVERAL TYPES OF USE OF
INSECTICIDES
1. INSECTICIDE USE PATTERN-SUBSISTENCE
THE INSECTICIDE USE PATTERN KNOWN AS
"SUBSISTENCE" REFERS TO THE PRACTICE OF USING
INSECTICIDES ON A SMALL SCALE, MAINLY BY
FARMERS WHO GROW CROPS FOR THEIR OWN
FAMILY'S NEEDS RATHER THAN FOR LARGE-SCALE
SALE

24. SEVERAL TYPES OF USE OF
INSECTICIDES
2. INSECTICIDE USE PATTERN-
EXPLOITATION
•REFERS TO THE HEAVY AND OFTEN
EXCESSIVE USE OF INSECTICIDES TO
MAXIMIZE CROP YIELDS AND PROFITS.

25. SEVERAL TYPES OF USE OF INSECTICIDES
•3. INSECTICIDE USE PATTERN-CRISIS
THE "CRISIS" INSECTICIDE USE PATTERN OCCURS WHEN PEST
POPULATIONS HAVE BECOME RESISTANT TO STANDARD INSECTICIDES,
LEADING TO A SITUATION WHERE TRADITIONAL PEST CONTROL
METHODS NO LONGER WORK EFFECTIVELY.

26. SEVERAL TYPES OF
USE OF INSECTICIDES
•3. INSECTICIDE USE PATTERN-
DISASTER
THE "DISASTER" INSECTICIDE USE
PATTERN IS THE STAGE WHERE THE
OVERUSE OR MISUSE OF INSECTICIDES
HAS LED TO SEVERE AND WIDESPREAD
CONSEQUENCES.

27. SEVERAL TYPES OF USE OF INSECTICIDES
INSECTICIDE USE PATTERN-IPM
INVOLVES A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO PEST CONTROL THAT
COMBINES MULTIPLE STRATEGIES TO MANAGE PESTS IN AN
ENVIRONMENTALLY AND ECONOMICALLY SUSTAINABLE WAY.

28. SUMMARY