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1. A Comparative Study on the Hypoglycemic Effect of Nami tuber ( Dioscorea hispida Dennst ) Extract and Charantia Capsule in Hyperglycemic Female Sprague- dawley Rats Salazar, Sharlene Putoy , Sheree Ann Ong, Millicent Queja , Dolly Mae Pascua, Jenest Remando, Charmaine Pereyra , Michael Reyes, Kevin Pimentel, Storviken Salas, Patrick

2. introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) With the number of people affected worldwide, the disease is taking an ever-increasing proportion of national and international health care strategies (WHO 2008) WHO and IDF predicts an increase of 2-3 times in diabetes prevalence in 2030 (Pharmaceutical Care for Diabetes Mellitus, 2005) 1980- WHO recommended an examination of plants which have hypoglycemic effects Traditional herbal medicines

3. Charantia

4. Dioscorea hispida densst . One of the most economically important yam species Serves as a staple food in tropical and subtropical countries ( Udensi et. al, 2008) Nami , commonly found in secondary forests and grows under shaded areas or near streams Good starch and essential dietary nutrients source Exhibits nutritional superiority compared with other tropical root crops Digestive property has suggested reduced risk of obesity, diabetes etc. ( Aprianita et. al, 2009)

5. Dioscorea hispida densst . Some studies have also pointed out that this yam tuber also contains some toxic compounds, which can impart serious health complications To prevent intoxications, locals prepare the tubers before consumption Treatment practices vary from region to region, but commonly involves peeling, leaching of the sliced tubers in running water Resultant sliced tubers are then cooked before being eaten (Bhattacharyya, et. al, 2008)

6. Statement of the problem MAIN OBJECTIVE: To compare the hypoglycemic effects of Nami tuber (D. hispida Densst ) extract and Charantia capsule in hyperglycemic female Sprague- dawley rats Specifically, this research seek to answer the following questions: What is the blood glucose level of rats given with Nami tuber (D. hispida Densst ) extract after: - 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, 75 minutes, 90 minutes, 105 minutes, 120 minutes What is the blood glucose level of rats given with Charantia capsule after: 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, 75 minutes, 90 minutes, 105 minutes, 120 minutes

7. hypothesis There is no significant difference between the hypoglycemic effect of Nami tuber (D. hispida Densst ) extract and Charantia in hyperglycemic female Sprague- dawley rats Aa Aaa

8. Significance of the study For Diabetic patients For Medical practitioners For root crop farmers Future researchers

9. Scope and delimitation The study is limited to its scope in the comparison of the hypoglycemic effects of Nami tuber (D. hispida Densst ) extract and Charantia capsule on the hyperglycemic female Sprague- dawley rats Study does not include the other pharmacological effects of Nami tubers such as its anti-inflammatory, analgesic and sedative effects The experiment was done at the University of Perpetual Help- Binan Campus Laboratory

10. Conceptual framework Nami tuber ( Dioscorea hispida Dennst ) extract Charantia Ten (10) hyperglycemic female Sprague- dawley rats Ten (10) hyperglycemic female Sprague- dawley rats Hypoglycemic effect

11. methodology

12. Experimental design EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL

13. Test animals

14. Preparation of Charantia Solution

15. Preparation of D. hispida Extract

16. Collection of Nami tuber (D. hispida Dennst ) Preparation (peeling, washing and soaking) of Nami tuber (D. hispida Dennst ) Decoction of Nami tuber (D. hispida Dennst ) Transportation of female Sprague-Dawley rats Acclimatization of rats 24 hours fasting of rats Collection of FBS baseline data Administration of 50% Glucose Preparation of Charantia capsule solution Hyperglycemic rats Nami tuber (D. hispida Dennst ) extract Hypoglycemic effect

17. PRESENTATION, aNAlysis and interpretation of data

18. Table 3. Blood Glucose Level of Female Sprague- dawley Rats Treated with Charantia Capsule Solution RAT INITIAL (mg/dL) DEXTROSE AFTER DEXTROSE (mg/dL) CHARANTIA 15mins (mg/dL) 30mins (mg/dL) 45mins (mg/dL) 60mins (mg/dL) 75mins (mg/dL) 90mins (mg/dL) 105mins (mg/dL) 120mins (mg/dL) A 103 199 137 125 120 112 84 82 80 74 B 105 163 142 136 128 110 97 96 95 82 C 101 195 203 133 127 114 95 92 90 88 D 115 211 137 135 129 108 99 94 90 86 E 113 222 149 136 130 123 111 102 99 93 F 99 177 150 136 131 117 98 96 94 90 G 109 199 139 131 126 114 110 96 94 91 H 98 193 122 117 114 103 91 90 89 86 I 117 220 123 118 112 101 90 87 85 80 J 97 158 130 128 121 111 102 95 93 88

19. Table 4. Mean Average of the Blood Glucose Level Dextrose 15mins (mg/ dL ) 30mins (mg/dL) 45mins (mg/dL) 60mins (mg/dL) 75mins (mg/dL) 90mins (mg/dL) 105mins (mg/dL) 120mins (mg/dL) X 193.7 143.2 129.5 123.8 111.3 97.7 93 90.9 85.8 SD 21.97498578 23.05452474 7.321960879 6.729701991 6.429964576 8.485936077 5.57773351 5.42524961 5.711586664

20. Figure 2. Blood Glucose Level of Female Sprague- dawley Rats Treated with Charantia Capsule Solution

21. Presentation, analysis and interpretation of data Table 1. Blood Glucose Level of Female Sprague- dawley rats treated with Nami tuber (D. hispida Dennst ) Extract RAT INITIAL (mg/dL) DEXTROSE AFTER DEXTROSE (mg/dL) D. hispida 15mins (mg/dL) 30mins (mg/dL) 45mins (mg/dL) 60mins (mg/dL) 75mins (mg/dL) 90mins (mg/dL) 105mins (mg/dL) 120mins (mg/dL) A 94 149 110 140 134 123 131 138 135 130 B 93 119 111 117 114 108 113 113 106 103 C 82 144 103 119 104 130 126 116 117 130 D 85 166 93 232 129 132 127 120 132 126 E 96 145 99 114 128 124 137 136 132 126 F 88 166 126 139 127 126 196 132 113 110 G 89 223 139 126 125 122 124 114 110 111 H 90 273 145 136 137 127 132 128 118 135 I 97 252 96 98 127 121 112 115 106 98 J 96 225 107 122 115 116 127 113 113 115

22. Table 2. Mean Average of the Blood Glucose Level Dextrose 15mins (mg/dL) 30mins (mg/dL) 45mins (mg/dL) 60mins (mg/dL) 75mins (mg/dL) 90mins (mg/dL) 105mins (mg/dL) 120mins (mg/dL) X 186.2 112.9 134.3 124 122.9 132.5 122.5 118.2 118.4 SD 52.61769875 17.95952239 36.64560001 10.05540209 6.95141872 23.64200593 10.00277739 10.97269338 12.69470581

23. Figure 1. Blood Glucose Level of Female Sprague- dawley Rats Treated with Nami Tuber (D. hispida Dennst ) Extract

24. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, conclusion and recommendation

25. hypo There is no significant difference between the hypoglycemic effect of Nami tuber (D. hispida Densst ) extract and Charantia in hyperglycemic female Sprague- dawley rats Aaa Aaaa These null hypotheses were REJECTED

26. conclusions Based on the findings, the trend of blood sugar changes in each plant extract is different Time course and changes in time periods were affected Changes between the plant extract were affected by the treatment times There is a significant difference between the hypoglycemic effect of Nami tuber (D. hispida Dennst ) extract and Charantia capsule in hyperglycemic female Sprague- dawley rats

27. recommendations Proper preparation awareness Proper dissemination of information Future researchers Other methods of extraction Lengthen time interval of blood glucose extraction Opt to long-term induction of DM type II in Sprague- dawley rats using: Alloxan monophosphate Streptozotocin Consider comparing hypoglycemic effects of D. hispida in male and female Sprague- dawley rats

28. Thank you!