India On the eve of Independence - Part 4 of 4.pptx

economy

1. I PUC (COMMERCE & ARTS ) ECONOMICS - II INDIAN ECONOMY ON THE EVE OF INDEPENDENCE Demography, Occupational Structure & Infrastructure Part 4 of 4 Instructor: Sri Harsha Vardhan Lesson ID : 687

2. Revision Industrial Sector and Foreign trade: Two fold motive of deindustrialization of India Export raw materials – extract resources from India Importer of finished goods – Turn India in to buyers of finished goods of England. Traditional handicraft industries were destroyed Restrictions on import and export through high tariff Lack of capital goods industries Suez canal helped increase in trade with I ndia British maintained the monopoly of trade

3. Learning outcome Demographic Condition : What is Demography? What is Demographic transition ? What is mortality rate? What is infant mortality rate? Occupational Structure : Three sectors : Primary , Secondary and Tertiary Sectors Infrastructure: Development of basic infrastructure : Railways, Ports, Water transport, post and telegraph Motive behind the Infrastructure development

4. DEMOGRAPHIC CONDITION Demography is the statistical study of populations. Example: age, gender, household status, literacy, income, religion , caste etc. First census in 1881 A   census  is the procedure of systematically acquiring & recording information about the members of a given population . Example: Census of India - every 10 years Demographic transition : It  is a phenomenon and theory which refers to the historical shift from high birth rates   and high death rates in societies to low birth rates and low death rates in societies as the economy develops.

5. Social Indicators Social Indicators are the statistical data which signal the Social wellbeing of the human beings. Birth Rate : The total number of live births per 1,000 population.It is also called Crude birth rate (CBR) Mortality rate or death rate: The total number of deaths per 1,000 population . It is also called Crude death rate ( CDR) Infant mortality rate (IMR ): It is the number of deaths  per 1,000  live births of children under one year of age.  Literacy rate: It is the percentage of people in a certain population that have the ability to read and write.

6. Social development indicators Total literacy level was less than 16 % Female literacy level was 7 % Public health facilities grossly Inadequate : Water and air-borne diseases: High mortality rate High Infant mortality rate - about 218 per thousand Low life expectancy - 44years

7. OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE It is the distribution of working persons across different sectors

8. Change in workforce: Sectoral shift Parts of Madras Presidency : TN, AP , KARNATAKA D ecline in dependence on agriculture Increase in the manufacturing and service sector Orissa, Rajasthan and Punjab: Increase of workforce in Agriculture sector

9. INFRASTRUCTURE Basic I nfrastructure: Railways, ports, water transport, posts and telegraph Real motive infrastructure development : to serve the colonial interests Roads : Mobilizing the army within India and drawing out raw materials from the countryside to the nearest railway station or the port to be taken away to England Inadequate : Shortage of all weather roads connecting rural areas Suffered during natural calamities and famines .

10. Railways : Economic loss and Social benefit British introduced the railways in India in 1850 Change in Structure of the Indian economy in two important ways : Commercialization of Indian agriculture which adversely affected the self-sufficiency of the village economies in India. Enabled long distance travel & broke geographical and cultural barriers

11. RAILWAY MAP (1909) Parallel Inland Waterways: Canals were built at a huge cost, failed to compete with railways Major port cities during the B ritish rule

12. ASSIGNMENT What is Demographic Transition ? What is Infant mortality rate ? 3. Were there any positive contributions made by the British rule in India? Discuss

13. Thank you