Indian Management Thoughts and Practices.pptx

Indian Management Thoughts and Practices

1. Indian Management Thoughts and Practices Indian Ethos

2. What is Indian Ethos? Indian ethos refers to the core values, beliefs, and principles that have been a part of Indian culture and tradition for centuries. These values are deeply rooted in the spiritual and philosophical traditions of India, and are reflected in various aspects of Indian society, including religion, art, literature, and philosophy.

3. Indian Ethos in Management According to  Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary , ethos can be defined as  a set of beliefs, ideas, etc., about social behavior and relationship of a person or group .  Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary,  on the other hand, defines ethos as  ethical ideas and attitudes that belong to a particular group or society. In light of these definitions, Indian ethos can be defined as a set of ideas and principles that are rooted in the ancient philosophical tradition of the Indian subcontinent. The scope of Indian ethos is wide as it has been enriched over thousands of years by numerous philosophical traditions.

4. P rinciples of Indian Ethos the following are some of the principles of Indian ethos that have practical significance in business ethics: Paraspar devo bhava:  Every individual has the divine inside him/ her. We are all same in essence. Atmano mokshartham jagat hitaya cha : All actions should be conducted to fulfil the dual objectives of the welfare of the larger society and the individuals themselves. Here, the term ‘welfare’ denotes both material and spiritual welfare. Archet dana manabhyam : People should be worshipped not only by material things but also because of their inherent divinity.

5. Atmana vindate viryam : The divine within each individual is the main source of all strength and inspiration for excellence. Yogah karmasu kaushalam , samatvam yoga uchyate : An achiever works with a calm and even mind. Yadishi bhavana yasya siddhi bhavati tadrishi :  What we think is what we achieve and become. The end can be achieved by giving attention to the means. Parasparam bhavayantah sreyah param avapsyatha :  The highest good of both the material and spiritual worlds can be enjoyed only through mutual cooperation and respect for fellow beings. Tesham sukhm tesham shanti shaswati :  The ability to see the divine in all beings and enjoy infinite happiness and peace.

6. In Indian ethos, there are six human shortcomings, which if not controlled, can lead men away to the wrong path. These shortcomings are as follows : Lust (Kama) Anger ( Krodha ) Greed ( Lobh ) Attachment ( Moha ) Pride ( Ahankar ) Jealousy ( Matsarya )

7. Teachings From Scriptures and Traditions India is a country of high values and ethics. It is a land where people of various religions and cultures, with difference in languages, beliefs and social backgrounds, live together. We find that various scriptures reflect the wide philosophical traditions of Ancient India. These scriptures serve as a guide to effective ethical management and business practices. In the present world, where making profit seems to be the main motive of life, these teachings from the holy books and other scriptures are a good source to guide people on how both ethics and management can be used together to lead an enriching life.

8. According to Professor  Klaus K. Klostermaier , a prominent researcher on Hinduism,  since ancient times, India has been famous for its wisdom and thoughts . The ancient Persians, Greeks and Romans were eager to learn from its sages and philosophers . I n the eighteenth century, the first translations of some Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita became available to the West, European philosophers rhapsodized about the profundity and beauty of these writings.

9. Indian scriptures are one of the most ancient and comprehensive religious writings in the world. They have many sacred writings, such as the Vedas, Upanishads and Puranas , and epics like the Ramayana, Mahabharata and Bhagavad Gita. The sacred literature in Hindu religion is clearly divided into the following two categories: Sruti : Heard literature Smrti : Remembered or traditional literature The Mahabharata is classified as  smrti , and since the Bhagavad Gita comes under the Mahabharata, many scholars conclude that it is also  smrti . However , other scholars argue that the Bhagavad Gita should be regarded as  sruti .

10. Teachings From Mahabharata Maha means ‘great’ and bharata means ‘India’. Thus , the Mahabharata is the story of the great India. It is the longest epic of the world written in verse with over 100,000 stanzas. The complete version of the Mahabharata has 64 volumes and gives a comprehensive picture of India’s cultural heritage.

11. The major management lessons that can be derived from Mahabharata These can be listed as follows: 1. Build Strategy: The Mahabharata gives us an important lesson that victory in a war can be achieved with an effective strategy.    Karna subdued other kings to get their wealth. On the other hand, Arjuna , Bheema , and Yudhisthira focused on acquiring Divyastras (divine strength) and strategic wisdom.

12. 2. Form Allies: In the Mahabharata, the Kauravas had few allies. On the other hand, the Pandavas focussed on gaining allies to gain more support . This is because allies can lend support and push you forward in your bad times.  3. Show Leadership Quality In the Mahabharata, the Kauravas had only one leader, Duryodhana . Therefore, the Kaurav sena was guided by a one-man leadership hierarchy , and the whole army was under the command of one man . Unlike the Kauravas , the Pandavas had different generals directing different operations in the war.

13. 4. Maintain Team Spirit: The Kauravas were not working as a team. All their leaders including Bheeshma , Drona, Karna, Shalya , etc., were fighting their individual battles. On the other hand, the Pandavas had only one team with one goal. They used to participate in the decision-making process and were a big strength for each other. 

14. 5. Forget Individual Motives In the Mahabharata, the Kauravas had individual motives. It was only Duryodhana who wanted the war. On the other hand, all the Pandavas had the same motive and that helped them to achieve the common goal. The Mahabharata presents an excellent example of how to align individual goals and skills to achieve group goals. 6. Show Commitment The Kauravas lacked commitment. They had personal prejudices and were doubtful about the results of the war . This affected their level of commitment to win the battle . On the other hand, the Pandavas were passionately committed in achieving the common goal even if it meant laying aside their personal goals .

15. 7. Encourage Women Empowerment In the Mahabharata, the Kauravas followed a male- dominant hierarchy. Even though Gandhari was an important character in the Mahabhrata , her husband ( Dhritrashtra ) or sons did not listen to her. The Kauravas did not approve of the participation of women in decision making . On the other hand, the Pandavas trusted their women and often took their advice. There were several important female characters such as Kunti , Draupadi , Hidimba and Subhadra on the side of Pandavas who played an important role in the storyline of the Mahabharata.

16. Teachings of Gita and Work Ethos The Bhagavad Gita (Song of the Lord) is attributed to Maharishi Vyasa, the composer of the Mahabharata. The Gita comprises 700 verses arranged in 18 chapters . The Bhagavad Gita narrates the dialogue that takes place between Krishna and Arjuna in the battlefield of Kurukshetra .

17. 1. Concentrate On Your Goal Do Your Work And Focus Not On The Result 2. Human Life is Full of Combats: Never be afraid of Fear – Fight To The End and Be Strong 3. One of the Best Lessons From Bhagavad Gita: Identity, Recognize and Accept Equality in Life 4. Desires Will Come To Your Mind And Go 5. A Mind Full Of Thoughts About Money Cannot Concentrate Nor Meditate 6. Whatever Has Happened Is Only For The Good Future. The Activities That Are Happening At Present Are Also For A Good Cause. The Happenings In The Future, They Are Also For A Good Future

18. 7 . Change is Permanent. This is Universal Law. You can become billionaire or Poor within a matter of seconds. 8. Fear Factor is a Disability 9. You Are Born Empty-Handed, And You Will Leave This Mother Earth Empty-Handed 10 . Anger, Lust, and Greed are ways to self-destruct . 11. A Man Makes His Life Based On His Beliefs

19. Teaching from Ramayana Dharma (Righteousness ) Respect for Parents Siblings Bond Respect for Teachers Sacrifice Patience Courage Loyalty Humility Forgiveness Compassion

20. Self-control Unity Detachment Faith Service Selflessness Graciousness Moderation Responsibility Inner Strength Harmony with Nature Divine Grace

21. Teachings from the Quran The Quran contains many teachings that guide Muslims in their personal and spiritual lives. Here are the top ten teachings from the Quran. 1 . Oneness of Allah ( Tawhid ):  The Quran places significant importance on the concept of Tawhid , which asserts the belief in the unity of Allah. It emphasizes the rejection of idol worship and highlights the significance of monotheism ( monotheism , belief in the existence of one god , or in the oneness of  God ) in Islam. 2. Worship and Devotion: Muslims are guided by the Quran to engage in various forms of worship and devotion to Allah. This includes praying regularly, observing fasting during Ramadan ,  giving charity  to those in need, and undertaking the pilgrimage to Mecca , known as Hajj. 3 . Compassion and Kindness: The Quran promotes compassion, kindness, and benevolence towards all creation. The Quran stresses treating others with empathy, understanding, and care, regardless of their backgrounds or circumstances.

22. Teachings from the Quran 4. Justice and Fairness: The Quran emphasizes the significance of justice and fairness in the lives of Muslims. It urges individuals to uphold these principles in their interactions, treating others with equity, impartiality, and righteousness. 5 . Patience and Perseverance: The Quran teaches that patience and perseverance ( continued   effort  to do or  achieve  something,  even  when this is  difficult  or  takes  a  long   time ) during times of hardship and adversity are virtues highly esteemed by Allah. It highlights the importance of remaining steadfast and resilient in the face of challenges. 6. Forgiveness and Mercy: The Quran encourages Muslims to forgive others who have wronged them and actively seek forgiveness for their own mistakes. The Quran emphasizes that mercy and forgiveness are attributes intrinsic to Allah’s nature and should be emulated by believers. 7 . Humility and Modesty: The Quran emphasizes the values of humility and modesty, urging followers to steer clear of arrogance and vanity by recognizing the importance of modest behavior and maintaining a humble outlook.

23. Teachings from the Quran 8. Honesty and Truthfulness: The Quran advises Muslims to embody these virtues in their words, actions, and dealings with others. It emphasizes the importance of being sincere, transparent, and trustworthy in all aspects of life. 9. Knowledge and Learning: The Quran serves as a constant source of inspiration for Muslims to seek knowledge, pursue  education , and engage in continuous learning. The Quran encourages believers to explore the world, reflect upon the signs of Allah’s creation, and acquire knowledge that contributes to personal growth, understanding, and the betterment of society. 10. Universal Brotherhood: The Quran emphasizes the importance of universal brotherhood and promotes an inclusive and egalitarian society. The Quran teaches that all individuals are equal and interconnected members of a larger global community, regardless of their race, nationality, or social status.

24. Teaching from Bible The Bible is full of precepts and truths that can provide sound guidance for our lives. Here are 25 lessons that we can build our life and faith upon . 1 God Should Always Be First in Our Hearts “You shall have no other gods before Me .” 2 Treat God as Your Most Treasured Relationships “For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also .” 3 God Cares for Us and Wants to Calm Our Fears “Casting all your anxieties on Him, because He cares for you.”

25. Teaching from Bible 4 Bless Others with Your Time, Talents, and Treasure “Do not neglect to do good and to share what you have, for such sacrifices are pleasing to God .” 5 Live Your Life as an Active Witness for the Gospel “In the same way, let your light shine before others, so that they may see your good works and give glory to your Father Who is in heaven .” 6 Remember That We Should Live for God, and Not for Human Approval “Whatever you do, work heartily, as for the Lord and not for men .” 7 Cling to God, and He Will Remember You “Because he holds fast to Me in love, I will deliver him; I will protect him, because he knows My Name.”

26. Teaching from Bible 8. Do Not Blame God for the Troubles in Your Life “In all this Job did not sin or charge God with wrong .” 9 Caring for Others Is the Best Way to Live out Your Faith “ Religion that is pure and undefiled before God the Father is this: to visit orphans and widows in their affliction, and to keep oneself unstained from the world.” 10 Do Not Seek Positions of Power, but Instead, Serve Others “ The greatest among you shall be your servant. Whoever exalts himself will be humbled, and whoever humbles himself will be exalted .” 11 Acknowledge Your Shortcomings and See God as Sovereign “ For by the grace given to me I say to everyone among you not to think of himself more highly than he ought to think, but to think with sober judgment, each according to the measure of faith that God has assigned.”

27. What Is Yoga? The Sanskrit term for 'union' or 'yoke' is yoga. To yoke is to gather, to tie, or to come together. The body, mind, soul, and global awareness are intended to be united in this way.

28. Introduction Yoga is a traditional Indian practice that focuses equally on the evolution of the physical, mental, social, and spiritual levels to create a complete personality. Yoga , which consists of Postures controlled breathing relaxation exercises Meditation T he amalgamation of yoga postures can improve motor speed, and cyclic meditation, which involves paying close attention, can enhance perception

29. Personality Development Through Yoga Since ancient times yoga helps in our spiritual growth. Yoga opens the way to different dimensions of our personality. There are many asanas through which we can achieve our emotional, physical, and spiritual development . Yoga plays an important role in a holistic personality .

30. Yoga for physical development  In the physical dimension of personality, all the parts of our body should work properly so that our body remains healthy. Various asanas and pranayama of yoga help to improve the function of these organs and help in physical development . Yoga for emotional development In the emotional dimension of personality development, yoga also helps in the development of our feelings, attitudes, and feelings. It also helps in transforming negative feelings and emotions into positive ones. Negative emotions are a hindrance to personality development. And to control and eliminate it, yoga practices are proven to bring about emotional stability.

31. Yoga for social development Yoga plays an important role in the social dimension of personality development. Practicing yoga daily brings clarity, calmness, and stillness which helps in thinking clearly and controlling our emotions. If our mind is calm then we can communicate effectively with others also and this improves our relationship with others . Yoga for spiritual development Yoga helps in the development of values in the spiritual dimension of personality. It helps in self-realization and understanding of your inner strength and true identity. Our moral values are boosted by introspecting and developing our inner energy through meditation and other yoga asanas.

32. I mportance of yoga in personality development Some of them are : It helps manage stress It gives relaxation It lowers the blood pressure It gives thought clarity It helps in self-identification It helps in awareness and controlling of our emotions

33. Yoga Asanas for Personality Development Surya Namaskara – Sun Salutation Tadasana – Palm tree posture Katichakrasana – Lumber Twist Posture Simhasana – Lion Posture Mandukasana – Frog Posture Uttana-mandukasana – Stretched up Frog Posture Kukkutasana – Cockerel Posture Akarna Dhanurasana – Bow and Arrow Posture Matsyasana – Fish Posture Bhujangasana – Cobra Posture Makarasana – Crocodile Posture Shalabhasana – Locust Posture

34. 4 Paths of Yoga: Bhakti, Karma, Jnana , Raja

35. 4 paths of Yoga