INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT

The Indian independence movement was a series of historic events with the ultimate aim of ending British rule in India. It lasted from 1857 to 1947.
The first nationalistic revolutionary movement for Indian independence emerged from Bengal. It later took root in the newly formed Indian National Congress with prominent moderate leaders seeking the right to appear for Indian Civil Service examinations in British India, as well as more economic rights for natives.

1. INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT Dr. R.PRICILA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF HISTORY HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) TIRUCHIRAPPALLI DR.PRICILA

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5. Learning Objectives The learner will be able to Understand the causes of Indian Nationalism and its effects. Discuss the origin and growth of Indian National Congress. Evaluate the emergence of Gandhi in Indian National Movement DR.PRICILA

6. Nationalism and its Effects For the first time, most of the regions in India were united politically and administratively under a single power (the British rule). It introduced a uniform system of law and government. The introduction of railways, telegraphs and postal services and the construction of roads and canals facilitated communication among the people. All these brought Indians nearer to each other and provided the facility to organise the national movement. DR.PRICILA

7. The English language played an important role in the growth of nationalism in the country. The English educated Indians, who led the national movement, developed Indian nationalism and organised it. Western education facilitated the concepts of liberty, equality, freedom and sowed the seeds of nationalism. The Indian Press, both English and vernacular, created a national consciousness among the people. DR.PRICILA

8. The leaders of various organisations like the Brahmo Samaj , Ramakrishna Mission, Arya Samaj , and Theosophical Society created a great impact on nationalism. DR.PRICILA

9. The Indian National Congress (1885) Allan Octavian Hume, a retired civil servant in the British Government took the initiative to form an all-India organization. Thus, the Indian National Congress was founded and its first session was held at Bombay in 1885. W.C. Banerjee was its first president. It was attended by 72 delegates from all over India. DR.PRICILA

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12. Persons attending the session belonged to different religious faiths. They discussed the problems of all the Indians irrespective of their religion, caste, language and regions. Thus Indian National Congress was an all- India secular movement embracing every section of Indian society. The second session was held in Calcutta in 1886 and the third in Madras in 1887. DR.PRICILA

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14. The history of the Indian National Movement can be studied in three important phases: MODERATE NATIONALISM (1885-1905) SWADESHI MOVEMENT, RISE OF MILITANT NATIONALISM AND THE HOME RULE MOVEMENT. 1906-1916 GANDHIAN ERA. 1917 to1947 DR.PRICILA

15. The leading figures during the first phase of the National Movement were A.O. Hume, W.C. Banerjee , Surendra Nath Banerjee , Dadabhai Naoroji , Feroze Shah Mehta, Gopalakrishna Gokhale , Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya , Badruddin Tyabji , Justice Ranade and G. Subramanya Aiyar . Surendranath Banerjee was called the Indian Burke. He firmly opposed the Partition of Bengal. He founded the Indian Association (1876) to agitate for political reforms. He had convened the Indian National Conference (1883) which merged with the Indian National Congress in l886. DR.PRICILA

16. Expansion and reform of legislative councils. Greater opportunities for Indians in higher posts by holding the ICS examination simultaneously in England and in India. Separation of the judiciary from the executive. More powers for the local bodies. Reduction of land revenue and protection of peasants from unjust landlords. Abolition of salt tax and sugar duty. Reduction of spending on army. Freedom of speech and expression and freedom to form associations Main Demands of Moderates DR.PRICILA

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