Individual behaviour

Individual behaviour

1. Individual Behaviour By Dr. H.S. ABZAL BASHA, M.B.A., Ph.D., L.L.B. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Studies, G. Pullaiah College of Engineering & Technology , Kurnool.

2. What is behaviour? Most people use the word ‘behaviour’ to mean conduct. Behaviour is anything that a person does. In psychology, behaviour is regarded as any observable activity by human being . In other words actions/ reactions/ response/ reflection to the environment. Most human behaviour results from a combination of factors such as culture, attitudes, emotions, values, ethics, authority, rapport, persuasion, coercion and genetics.

3. Principles of Human Behaviour Almost all human behaviour is learned. All behaviours occur for a reason. No behaviours occur “out of blue.” Behaviours continue to occur because they are effective. Behaviours stop occurring when they are ineffective.

4. A – B – C Model of Behaviour A A nt ecede n t Trigger 1 2 B Beh a viour Action 3 C Consequence Response

5. Behaviour Behaviour is the manner in which a person behaves , whether they can conform to the accepted social standards or not.

6. HUMAN BEHAVIOUR Economic Man Social Man Organisation Man Self Actualisation Man Complex Man Impulsive Man Compulsive Man

7. 15% 15% 35% 35% Sir Francis Galton Study on Similarities in 1896 Attributes Extreme +Ve Average -Ve Extreme -Ve Average +Ve

8. Introduction 8 An organization is basically the association of human beings and a major problem of today’s organization is how to get maximum possible efforts and contributions of the human beings determining these efforts and contributions, those responsible for managing the organization must understand the way human beings behave . It is to be noted that the world of human work consists of individual performing jobs in some setting, usually in some organization The fact that there are tremendous differences among individuals and among jobs is the basis of the frequently expressed notion of “matching” people and jobs and of the expression “round pegs in square holes” when the “match” is not a good one. Mismatches can occur in any setting.

9. Variables influencing Individual Behavior The Person Skills & abilities Personality Perceptions Attitudes Values Ethics The Environment Organization Work group Job Personal life B eh a vi o r 9

10. Factors Affecting Human Beh a viour Genetics – Patterns of behaviour are influenced by inheritance from parents. Early Childhood Experiences Social Norms shape our behaviour and attitudes. Every individual manipulate his/her behaviour to best ‘fit in’ with others. Core Faith and Social Culture shape our religious faith, philosophical thinking and emotional wellbeing (e.g. Emotions such as shame and guilt connected to moral living).

11. Personal Factors Age Education Abilities Marital Status Number of Dependents Creativity Emotional Intelligence Psychological Factors Personality Perception Attitudes Values Learning Organizational Systems & Resources Physical Factors Organizational structure & design Leadership Reward System Work related behavior Environmental Factors Economic Social norms & cultural values Ethics & social Responsibility Political Individual Behavior 12 Founda tions of I ndi vid ual Behavi or

12. Personal Factors 13 A ge : Age has impact on performance, turnover, absenteeism, productivity and Satisfaction level Education: Increased levels of education serve to increase an individual’s expectation about positive outcomes (general and specialized) Ability: Ability refers to an individuals capacity to perform various tasks in a given job (intellectual and physical). Employee performance is enhanced when there is ability-fit job Marital Status: it has impact on absenteeism, turnover & satisfaction

13. Number of Dependents: There is a correlation between number of dependents and absenteeism and satisfaction Creativity : Creativity refers to the cognitive activity that results in a new or novel way of viewing or solving a problem. They have three attributes of background experience, personal traits and cognitive abilities (analytical skills) 14 Emotional Intelligence: Emoti o n s a r e a n e f f e c t i v e s t a t e of consciousness in which joy, sorrow, fear, hate, love, surprise, and anger is expressed. Emotions have impact on Mood, performance, Features are: Emotions are highly focused, expressions of emotions is universal and Culture determines expression of feelings. Emotional Intelligence helps us to monitor our emotions

14. Environmental Factors 15 Economic Factors: All work is performed within economic framework, that both directly and indirectly, impinges on an organizational environment. Various factors like employment opportunities, wage rates, economic outlook and Technological change Cultural Environment: Cultural environment is made up of institutions and other forces that affect society’s basic values, perceptions, work ethics, achievement needs and effort- reward expectations, values preferences and behavior

15. Ethics and Social Responsibility: Ethics refers to a system of moral principles; a sense of right and wrong and goodness and badness of actions and the motives and the consequences of these actions. Social Responsibility or Corporate social Responsibility is understood as the obligation of decision makers to take actions that protect and improve the welfare of the society as a whole, along with their own interest Political Factors: The stability of Government tends to have impact on employment opportunities and these, in turn, impact employee behavior. The political ideology of a country affects individual behavior primarily through the relative freedom available to the citizens 16

16. Organizational Systems & Resources 17 Facilities: Like lighting, ventilation, air-conditioning, décor, space for employees, secretarial support Organizational structure & Design: The behavior & performance of an individual is influenced by where that person fits into the overall structure & design of the organization . L eader s h i p : A leader provides direction, assistance, advice and coaching to individuals, due to which a system of leadership and supervision is necessary as it is a potential source of influence.

17. Reward System: The behavior and performance of an individual is influenced by the reward system of his or her organization Work related behavior: The five stages of the individual’s stay in the organization may be distinguished by joining in the organization, remaining with the organization, maintaining work attendance, performing required tasks & exhibiting organizational citizenship 18

18. Psychological Factors Tribalistic : This category people prefer directive, strong leadership from their boss. Ego-centric: Desire to work alone. Socio-centric: Seek social relationship. Existential: Strives for satisfying growth and self fulfilment. Implications