indtincts and emotions.ppt

Instincts and Emotions

1. Unit-III Instincts and Emotions

2. Instincts
The term instinct is derived from the Latin word
" instincts'' which means to motivate or instigate
According to Mc Dougal " an instinct is an
innate on inherited mental structure which
determines its possessor to perform certain
specific actions in certain situations"

3. Nature of Instinct
→ Instinct is a natural and innate tendency
→ Instinctive Behaviour is permanent
→ Instinct is universal
→ Instinct is always purposive
•Instincts are psycho-physical disposition
•Instincts are modifiable
•Intelligence and experience act as guide to instinctive
behavior
•Instincts are expressed in particular directions
according to particular stimuli

4. Instincts according to McDougall
Instincts Associated emotions
Combator pugnacity Anger
Repulsion Disgust, hate
Curiosity Wonder
Submission Negative self feeling
Food seeking Appetite
Sex Lust
Parental care Tender, emotion, love
Gregariousness Loneliness
Escape Fear
Appeal Distress
Self assertion Positive self feeling
Constructiveness Feeling of creativeness
Acquisitiveness Feeling of ownership
Laughter Amusement

5. Mc Dougal’s further classification of instinct
Self preservation instincts: pugnacity,
repulsion, curiosity, submission, food-
seeking, and escape instincts
Race preservation instincts: sex,
parental care, acquisitive instinct
Herd instincts: gregariousness, appeal,
self assertion, laughter instincts
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6. Modification of instincts
Repression: using a strict rule or policy
on the children. E.g. monasteries
curbing strictly the sex instincts of the
adolescents
Inhibition: opposite instincts is brought
into play to weaken the original one. E.
g. imposing fine or physical punishment
for notorious activities
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7. Substitution: instinctive behavior is
substituted by a similar stimuli. E. g.
substituting a pet for a childless mother,
acquisition substituted by collecting stamps
Redirection: instinct is redirected to a more
feasible and acceptable path E. g. quarrelling
child can be selected as a monitor
Sublimation: a process of diverting the
instinctive energy into a refined energy which
is better approved socially. E. g. unmarried
person can engage himself in painting, music
etc
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8. Emotion
A state of arousal involving facial and
body changes, brain activation,
cognitive appraisals, subjective feelings,
and tendencies toward action, all
shaped by cultural rules.

9. Emotion
Emotions reflect a “stirred up’ state
Emotions have valence: positive or
negative
Emotions are thought to have 3
components:
Physiological arousal
Subjective experience
Behavioral expression
© 1999 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

10. © 1999 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
(Figure adapted from Fischer et al., 1990, p. 90)
Taxonomy of Emotion

11. Characteristics of emotions
Emotion is very brief
Emotion is a form of energy mobilization
Emotions are associated with instincts
Emotion has a behavioral aspect
Emotions are associated with motivation
Emotions may be primary or secondary
Emotions are flexible
Emotions are a complex affective state
Emotions have a wide range
External situations produce emotions
Every emotion is accompanied by a certain physiological or
bodily change
8/2/2023

12. © 1999 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
(Figure adapted from LeDoux, 1986, p. 329)
Neuropsychology of Emotion
Dual processing of
emotions:
Activation of the
amygdala produces
visceral responses
Cortical activation
allows for use of
memory in
understanding
emotional stimuli

13. Two-factor Theory of Emotion
Physiological arousal
Sweaty palms
Increased heart rate
rapid breathing
Cognitive Label
Attribute source of
arousal to a cause
To have an emotion,
both factors are
required

14. The Physiological Component
A Historical Perspective
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Emotion arises from
physiological arousal
Happiness comes
from smiling
Sadness comes from
crying

15. James-Lange Theory of Emotion
© 1999 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

16. The Physiological Component
A Historical Perspective
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Emotion originates
in the thalamus
“Body”
(physiological
systems) and “Mind”
(emotional
experience) are
independently
activated at the
same time