Induced breeding

BIOLOGY

1. DR. ANU KUMAR SHARMA ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR GOVT. DUNGAR COLLEGE, BIKANER

2. INDUCED BREEDING IN FISHES:

3. CONTENTS: Introduction Historical background Why induced breeding? Collection of Pituitary gland Preservation and storage Points to be kept mind Doses of Pituitary gland extract Synthetic hormones & Doses Spawning Factors influencing Induced Breeding References

4. Introduction: Induced Breeding is a technique whereby ripe fish breeders are stimulated by Pituitary hormone or other synthetic hormones, introduced to breed in captive condition. This process of Breeding is also known as Hypophysation .

5. Historical Background: This technique of Induced breeding was first evolved in Argentina after producing extract by B.A Hussy in 1930. Brazilian was the first country to develop a technique for hypophysation in 1934. In India first attempt was made by Hamid khan in 1937 on Cirrhinus mrigala . Dr. Heeralal choudhary applied this technique in Minor carps in 1955. Alikhuni and Choudhary (1962) succeeded in inducing breeding in Labeo rohita , C irrhinus mrigala , C. reba , Punctius sarana .

6. WHY INDUCED BREEDING ? Spawn collected from natural water is not pure. Presence of some undesirable wild species. Sorting of pure seeds is quite impossible. Availability of seeds is quite uncertain. Induced breeding fulfill any quantity of demand in any time. Carps attain full maturity in confined water but do not breed. Easily learnt by layman without much training. Cost of expenditure is low than natural collection of spawns.

7. COLLECTION OF PITUITARY GLAND : Collection of Pituitary gland is made only from ripe gravid fish. In fishes Pituitary gland is situated on ventral side of brain in concavity of cranium called Sella turcica . Suitable periods for collection of gland in major carps is May to July. Gland of homoplastic species is more effective than heteroplastic species. Glands obtained from immature or spent species do not give satisfactory result.

8. Preservation and Storage: 1. Alcohol preservation method 2. Acetone Preservation method

9. Alcohol preservation method :

10. 2. Acetone preservation method :

11. Point to be kept in mind- The Brooders should be healthy, fully ripe and medium size. The Age group of 2-4 years and have the weight about 1-5 kg are suitable for Induced breeding. Large sized breeders are avoided for difficulty in handling.

12. Doses of Pituitary Gland Extract- Females are given a preparatory dose of 2-3 mg/kg body weight . After an interval of 6-8 hours a second dose/ resolving dose of 5-8 mg/kg body weight given to female if first dose does not work. Males are given 1 dose of 2-3 mg/kg body weight at the time of second dose given to the females.

13. INJECTION METHOD-

14. SYNTHETIC HORMONES:- H.C.G (Human chorionic gonadotropin ) OVAPRIM OVATIDE

15. DOSE OF FISH SYNTHETIC HORMONE OVATIDE: Species Females (ml/kg) Males (ml/kg) Catla catla 0.4 - 0.5 0.2 - 0.3 Labeo rohita 0.2 - 0.4 0.1 - 0.2 Cirrhinus mrigala 0.2 - 0.4 0.1 - 0.2 Silver carp 0.4 - 0.5 0.2 - 0.25 Grass carp 0.4 - 0.5 0.2 - 0.25

16. Stripping milt in male fish Stripping eggs in female fish

17. SPAWNING: After injection to the brooders a set of brooders are released into the breeding hapa . The size of the hapa ranges from 3x5 meters. The height of the hapa should remain about 20 cm above the level of water. The spawning takes place within 3-6 hours after final injection. The fertilized eggs are transparent, pearl like where as unfertilized eggs are opaque or whitish.

18. FACTORS INFLUENCING INDUCED BREEDING- CLIMATE - Temperature should be 24 – 32 C with cloudy days and rainy periods. WATER CONDITION – Flowing water. TURBIDITY – about 100-1000 mg/ lt or ppm . LIGHT – For early maturation and spawning. DISSOLVED OXYGEN – Not should less than 5ppm/lt.

19. REFERANCES: Fish and Fisheries of India – V. G. Jhingran . A textbook of Fish and Fisheries – Pandey and Shukla . http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/

20. Thank you Instead of worrying about what you cannot control, shift your energy to what you can create.