INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION[3000-1500BC].pptx

indus valley civilization

1. INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION[3000-1500BC] Indus valley civilization was one of the world’s first great urban civilizations It flourished in the Indus river plains and adjacent regions , are now parts of Afghanistan , Pakistan and northwestern India

2. Harappa[ at Southern Punjab] Mohenjo-daro [At Sindh, Pakistan]

3. SPIRITUAL CONTENT – Religious consciousness of people can be seen in the wall surfaces of structures ARCHITECTURE CONTENT Religious consciousness of people Mind materialization in terms –use of rock, brick, stone

4. ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT

5. These group of people felt no need of wandering more and settle there >> begin of Indus Civilization

6. Evolution of Indus Valeey Civilization

7. Development Process Alluvial river bank & continuous water supply ideal for cultivation Forest as abundant source of hunting and timber for fuel and Building material Plenty of mud >> idea of baking brick >> permanent building construction By the first period of the settlement : Already known to grow Rice, wheat, cotton ► Development of irrigation system >> production of agricultural product> Construction of granaries Growth of industries (pottery, brick making, carpentry & I weaving for cotton)

8. Others Main crops : Rice, wheat, cotton & other Ox driven carts for transportation Use of stone and copper tools

9. Indus valley civilization has made great achievements in Town planning Residential architecture Civic administration in the principal cities Exhibit outstanding examples of effective town planning

10. Town Planning Mohenjo- daro and Harappa show similar planning approaches Both were nearly a mile square in area with defensive walls Layout of Grid iron pattern of streets N-S and E-W >> 9m. wide City divided into 12 blocks by streets >> each block approx. 365m. x 244m. The central western block allocated for citadel and others mainly for residential - City served by extensive drainage system and better street networks

11. Citadel {raised and fortified place) Placed important structures and for conducting rituals Built over a platform of baked brick 15m above general city level Citadel had terraces at various levels approached by ramps or staircases

12. Citadel {raised and fortified place) Granaries (as storage chambers of grains) provided with Loading/ unloading platforms and cross ventilation Circular brick paved Floor making platforms next to granari ■ es A row of two roomed cells probably for labors

13. Residential architecture Residences arranged around open to sky central courtyard . No Direct entry and window in the main street >> through irregular, narrow & shaded walkway >> maintaining privacy Depend, for light & Ventilation on central open court

14. The basic unit of residential block is of varying size and two or more stories in height Group of housing units share a common well for water supply Each house bathing area connected to drains >> joined with main street sewerage with manhole at regular interval EXTENSIVE DRAINAGE SYSTEM IN THEcity

15. Construction method The houses constructed of burnt brick in mud mortar Brick Size : 12x12x27 cm Upper stories made largely of wood, roofs being flat and built of beams covered with planking with top dressing of beaten earth Foundations and walls found to use English bond Absence of true arch, openings being spanned by wooden lintels .,........,._,_ , l"" wo odeo lioteJs _

16. Drains with brick slabs, larger main sewers spanned by corbelled brick arches corbelled arch frmed by over brick cources

17. Arts and Artifacts Numerous artifacts(an object made by a human being, typically one of cultural or historical interest) discovered Use of Unidentified pictorial scripts writing from left to right Steatites (soap stone) seals - square I rectangular, 2-3 cm >> used for security and ownership signs Jewelry such as ear rings, pendants, belts & bangles of gold, silver

18. Sculpture of dancing girl in bronze Statues of priestly king