Industrial effluent treatment....ppt.pdf

Industrial effluent treatment...

1. VIVEKANANDHA ARTS AND SCIENCE
COLLEGE FOR WOMEN’ , SANKAGIRI

DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
SUBJECT : SOIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

TOPIC : Industrial Effluent Treatment

SUBJECT INCHARGE : “SUBMITTED BY :
Dr.R. Dineshkumar, ~ K.Shanmgapriya,
Assistant Professor, \

Department of
Microbiology, Y VAISS , Sankagiri.
VIASS, Sankagiri. i

Y Il -M.Sc.Microbiólagy ,

2. TI.

/ —= INTRODUCTION :

Andustrial effluent treatment is the process of
removing harmful pollutants and contaminants from
wastewater generated by industrial activities, such
as manufacturing, mining, and energy production.
The treatment process involves a series of physical,
chemical, and biological processes that help reduce
the harmful effects of industrial wastewater on the

environment and public health.
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— Industrial effluent is any wastewater that is ~
~ produced by various industrial activities. The
quality of industrial effluent/wastewater varies
from one industry to another is responsible for
the degradation of receiving water sources. In
other words, treating all kinds of effluents
originating from various industries using e
industrial ETP /Effluent Treatment Plant is ©)

extremely desirable. OI) o )

5. / ETP : yn

ETP (Effluent Treatment Plant) is a process design
for treating the industrial waste water for its
reuse or safe disposal to the environment.

Influent: Untreated industrial waste water.

Effluent: Treated industrial waste water. e
Sludge: Solid part separated from waste water _)
by ETP. Y O) u )

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Types of Treatment :
1) Primary Treatment
2) Secondary Treatment

3) Tertiary Treatment

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/ Primary treatment : 9

When the effluent receives at an effluent
treatment plant, it is first subjected to physical

or mechanical means to remove solid impurities
floating solids, settling suspensions, oils and fats.
In this step, the effluent is passed through a

series of filters of graded openings and then ©
allowed to flow through sedimentation unit. Ly

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Such impurities are concentrated in and
collected from sedimentation units called
sludge. Later, sludge and remaining
watery liquid are processed during
secondary treatment. Thus, primary
treatment considered to be the
preparation of effluent for further
treatment and purification.

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10. Primary treatment
two processes :

1) Chemical process

2) Physical process

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nf Chemical process :

~ Following chemical processes required
before their discharge or subject to
further treatment:
Neutralization ;

Industrial effluents usually contain
acidic or alkaline compounds which
need neutralization prior to release
or treatment.

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— For effluent that are intended to discharged —
“to natural water bodies should have a pH in
between 6.0 to 9.0 (as specified by waste
regulatory agencies) while effluent inflowing

to biological treatment process should be
maintained between 6.5 to 9.0. This pH range

is suitable for microbial growth that is e
required to decompose organic materials. ©)

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Käidic effluent is normally neutralized with waste~
alkaline streams like lime, ammonia, dolomite, caustic
soda etc. Lime is most extensively used as alkaline
material for neutralization due to its low cost and
easy availability. However, lime may be slow to
react with acid and may produce insoluble
precipitates. Alkaline effluent normally needs
treatment with waste acidic streams of hydrochloric /

or sulphuric acid. arm) o )

14. 7 ná
=7 Chemical precipitation ;

7

“Chemical precipitation in industrial effluent involves the
addition of certain chemicals to alter the physical state
of dissolved and suspended solids and aid their removal
by sedimentation. In general, chemical precipitation
process is used for improving effluent treatment plant
performance because this process can remove 80 to
90% of bacteria, 50 to 80% of BOD and 80 to 90% of
total suspended solid matter. _

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COAGULATION : It takes place in rapid mix —
or flash mix basins which are very quick.
The primary function of rapid mix basin is to
disperse the coagulant so that it contacts all
of the effluent water. For example, alum,
lime, ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate and ferric
chloride are most frequently used as
coagulant.

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17. FLOCCULATION : the aim of
flocculation is to develop aggregates
or flocs from the finely separated
matter. The flocculation of effluent by
either mechanical or air agitation.

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18. — e
SS Physical process :

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Following physical processes required before
their discharge or subject to further treatment:

Sedimentation ;

It is also called primary settling. It removes smaller
particulate material like paper and fecal matter

by simple physical settling of matter due to its o)
density, the force of gravity etc.

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19. Certain chemical agents called coagulants
and flocculants may be applied to speed
up this process by encouraging aggregation
of particles. These biosolid or sludge is
often treated biologically through
anaerobic degradation in a sludge
digester.

20. o Primary Settling Tank

Sludge discharge
to treatment

Fig. 8: A schematic drawing of primary settling tank.

Source: Author and ILLL

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6 Flotation ;

„Flotation is a unit setup used to remove solid or
suspended particles in a shorter time from an effluent.
The removal is achieved by introducing air bubbles or
fine gases in the effluent (liquid phase). The bubbles
attach to the particulate materials and the floating
(buoyant) force of the combined particle and gas
bubble is great enough to cause the particles to rise to
the surface to form a scum blanket, which is separated

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y using various skimming evices-) à )

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22. AIR FLOTATION : in such system,
air bubbles are generated by
introducing the gas phase directly
into the liquid phase through a
rotating impeller through
spargers.

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23. Fig. 9 A: A schematic drawing of Air flotation
Source: Author and ILLL

Fig. 9 B: Air flotation at actual site
Source; Photograph by courtesy of SGI, Faridabad

24. VACUUM FLOTATION : it
consists of saturating the
effluent with either directly in an
aeration tank or by allowing air
to enter on the suction side of

an effluent .

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25. a y
Fig. 10: A schematic drawing of vacuum floatation
Source: Author and ILLL

26. E N
— “Secondary Treatment :

Secondary treatment is the removal of
biodegradable organic matter (in solution
or suspension) from sewage or similar kinds
of wastewater. The aim is to achieve a
certain degree of effluent quality in a
sewage treatment plant suitable for the
intended disposal or reuse option.

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27. sludge treatment and disposal

What is Secondary Treatment in STP - Netsol Water

28. In industrial applications the treatment
options to separate or “treat” the
pollutants from water include
ultrafiltration, chemical separation,
evaporation or electrocoagulation
treatment technologies.

29. _/ © Tertiary Treatment :

~ Tertiary treatment of waste water is the final
stage of the multi-stage wastewater cleaning
process. This third stage of treatment completely
removes inorganic compounds, bacteria, and
viruses. Removing these harmful substances makes
the treated water safe to reuse, recycle, or
release into the environment. ©)

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30. Preliminary and

Secondary Treatmen:
Primary Treatment a e

What is Tertiary Treatment in STP

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The tertiary treatment of wastewater simply
involves polishing and cleaning the effluent of
secondary treatment technologies. The tertiary
treatment of wastewater includes processes like
filtration, ion exchange, activated carbon
adsorption, electrodialysis, nitrification, and
denitrification.

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