INDUSTRIAL FIRE

CAUSES
EFFECTS
PREVENTION

1. INDUSTRIAL FIRE CAUSES, EFFECTS AND PREVENTION. IITA SECURITY UNIT

2. WHY FIRE TRAINING Because management care about your safety Because many people are unnecessarily injured by fire at work each year Because Fire Risk assessment flagged a need to train staff in Fire Safety

3. WHAT IS FIRE? Fire is a SPECTACULAR example of a FAST chemical reaction between a combustible substance and oxygen accompanied by the evolution of heat

4. 3 FIRE REQUIRMENT . 1. Oxygen 2. Fuel 3. A source of energy i.e. HEAT FIRE TRIANGLE: (HEAT + O2 + IGNITION)

5. FIRE TRIANGLE FIRE OXYGEN HEAT FUEL

6. CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL FIRE SMOKING: Litters in factories provides essential fuels in fire accident . Smoking near fuel depot and jerry cans used to transport and store petrol during fuel crises also contribute to INDUSTRIAL FIRE. CHEMICALS Lack of adherence to chemical safety requirements and improper storage

7. CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL FIRE DIRT AND UNTIDINESS Refuse and process waste are good kindling for a fire to start or help a fire to expand. CONTRACTORS’ OPERATIONS Building and maintenance contractors often use a variety of Equipment, which can produce a great deal of heat (blowlamps, welding and simple drilling.)

8. CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL FIRE PROCESS HAZARD A: Faults in process plants leads to: 1.Overheated machinery bearings and frictional sparks. 2. Tremendous amount of HEAT. B: Sparks from cutting and welding tools C: Lack of regular maintenance

9. CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL FIRE FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS Flammable solvents of all kinds are both necessary and dangerous in many industrial processes. With Nigeria’s peculiar problem of petrol shortages, experience has shown that often this most dangerous of all substances is badly transported and stored.

10. CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL FIRE POOR HOUSE KEEPING Warehousing inadequate standards . Improperly stacked goods allow a fire to start unnoticed and also impede fire-fighting operations when eventually detected. Office waste must be regularly removed. Cleanliness is particularly essential in an office to avoid simmering files, which can spread undetected during the many hours (nights and weekends) when premises are unoccupied.

11. CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL FIRE ARSON This subject has already received substantial publicity in the national press and other media. Damage by riot is another danger, which can be included in this category. Bomb Blast/Terrorist Activities

12. PHCN: Major cause of FIRE DISASTER in NIGERIA ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND WIRING. Short circuits, and faults resulting in excess current flow generating heat, which ignites insulation and flammable materials lying nearby. Broken Strands, loosely fitted plugs, overloaded sockets; improperly secured terminals can cause arcing and sparking. Deterioration of insulation and wiring leads to ageing, mechanical damage and excessive heat because of overloading. Unprofessional Alteration and addition to existing installation. Wiring installed by incompetent persons and not reaching acceptable standards. Inferior materials. POWER HOLDING COMPANY of NIGERIA fluctuations.

13. EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL FIRE Direct EFFECT: (a) ‘no effect’ or near misses (b) minor injury (C) major injury (d) property damage (e) Business closure

14. EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL FIRE INDIRECT EFFECTS: refers to the consequence flowing from the direct effect of fire. (a) for the injured person * loss of earning or earning capacity *disrupted family life. *disrupted personal life, and *other consequences e.g. pain & suffering

15. EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL FIRE (b) for the company: * injury costs * production loss costs. * property damage costs. * reduction in employee morale. * poor reputation as a result of adverse media publicity. * poor customer relations following adverse media publicity.

16. EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL FIRE * lost time – supervisors, workers and others. * product damage cost. * first aid and medical cost. * increased employer’s liability premium. * legal cost, e.g. fines imposed by court, legal representation fees * cost of changes in practice arising from prosecution or as a result of enforcement action, e.g. prohibition or improvement notice. * training cost e.g. retraining of injured employee or training of replacement Labour.

17. PREVENTION OF INDUSTRIAL FIRE FIRE RISK ASSESMENT Identify the FIRE HAZARD in our offices. Identify the PEOPLE who could be at RISK. ELIMINATE, CONTROL or AVOID the fire hazard. Ensure that the existing FIRE SAFETY PROVISION meet up to standard. Record FINDINGS. Prepare EMERGENCY PLAN. REVIEW FRA Periodically.

18. PREVENTION OF INDUSTRIAL FIRE Provision of Fire Extinguishers. Provision of Information / Training. Provision of Fire Alarm. Provision of Fire Escape Route. Provision of Fire Risk Assessment. (Yearly)

19. CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE A: Solid material of Organic nature: wood paper & Fabric B: Flammable liquids: Petrol, diesel etc C: Gases: Acetylene Butane D: Metals: Magnesium, Sodium, Aluminum

20. CLASSES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS CO 2 CARBON DI-OXIDE COLOUR: BLACK or RED FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (faster than foam) AVAILABLE IN 1KG, 3KG, 5KG, 20KG. RANGE: 2-3MTRS DISCHARGE TIME: 6—23S B

21. CLASSES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS DCP (DRY CHEMICAL POWDER) COLOUR: FRENCH BLUE or RED LIVE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE IN 1,2,3,4,6,9, 12, 50, 75KG RANGE: 2-8MTS DISCHARGE TIME: 6-23S A B C

22. CLASSES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS H 2 O (WATER) COLOUR: RED ORDINARY COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL (wood, paper & paper) 9ltrs=10kg RANGE:9LTRS DISCHARGE TIME:60S A

23. CLASSES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS FOAM FIRE EXTINGUISHERS. COLOUR: PALE CREAM USED FOR EXTINGUISHING FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS. AVAILABLE IN 4.5L & 9L. WEIGHS 10-15KG RANGE:7-10m DISCHARGE TIME: 60s B

24. Fire Extinguishers - Blanket Any colour body or label but they are usually red or white For use on any type of fire but best on small contained class B fires and people on fire. Extinguishes by asphyxiating

25. Fire Safety At Home Fire works Candles, lamps Cooking gas/ kerosene stove Smoking in bed Electrical equipment Children playing with matches

26. WHAT CAUSES FIRES TO EXPAND Fear Ignorance indecision

27. GOOD HOUSEKEEPING Good house keeping is essential part of sound management practice. It benefits efficiency, aids production and it is also good for fire protection. Well-organized and carefully maintained premises are safer from fire. The chance of fire breaking out is reduced; and should fire occur, it could be more readily controlled. Below is a list of duties, which will serve as a safety aide-memoir to management. Cleanliness and tidiness. Staff should tidy their personal workplace. Combustible materials waste and process should be kept clear of the premises. Metal dustbins with lid should be used for storing waste.

28. GOOD HOUSE-KEEPING Waste with special hazards should be labeled, flammable liquid, paint rags, oily rags. Waste containers should be removed from building at the end of each day, or more frequently if necessary. Waste awaiting disposal should not be accessible to public. Waste burning on site must be controlled and supervised. Pipes, beams, trusses, ledges deducting and electric fittings should be regularly cleaned. Areas in the building and around must be kept free of accumulated packaging materials and cleaned. Cupboard, drawers all concealed spaces should be kept free from dust and rubbish

29. ACTION: IN CASE OF FIRE RAISE THE ALARM CALL SECURITY ON EXT. 2727 or 2999 ATTACK THE FIRE (EXTINGUISHERS) EVACUATE THE BUILDING

30. P.A.S.S. PRINCIPLE (How to use an extinguisher) P= PULL THE PIN A= AIM AT BASE OF FIRE. S= SQUEEZE THE LEVER. S= SWEEP THE AFFECTED AREA FROM SIDE TO SIDE

31. GENERAL RULE FOR FIGHTING FIRE SOUND THE ALARM. CALL SECURITY- ext 2727 or 2999 ENSURE YOU SELECT THE RIGHT EXTINGUISHER. RE-ASSESS THE FIRE. (gas cylinders, chemicals, fuel) KEEP ESCAPE ROUTE BEHIND YOU (tackle the fire from furthest distance possible.) NEVER LET FIRE GET BETWEEN YOU AND YOUR EXIT. CONSIDER THE EFFECT OF SMOKE. IF YOU ARE IN DOUBT STOP, CLOSE DOOR AND GET OUT. MOVE TO THE FIRE ASSEMBLY POINT

32. Thank you for attending and listening