: Industrial Management & Entrepreneurship

: Industrial Management & Entrepreneurship

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Department of Technical Education
Andhra Pradesh
Name : G.V.N.B.Prabhakar
Institute : V.K.R & V.N.B Polytechnic, Gudivada
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Mechanical Engineering
Semester : VI
Subject : Industrial Management & Entrepreneurship
Code No : 9EE602
Major Topic : Organisation Structure & Organisational
Behaviour
Duration : 100Mts
Sub Topic : Importance of motivation,Importance of motivation,
Motivation Theories
Teaching Aids : Power point presentation
Revised by : B.S.L.Prasanna

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Recap
In the last class, you have learnt about
•Organization behaviour
•Job description

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Objectives
On completion of this period, you would be able to
•Explain the importance of motivation
• Understand various motivation theories

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Motivation
Definition :-
•It is a Latin word which means to move or motive”
•Means any idea, need, emotion that prompts a man
to action
•Is an internal factor that integrates man’s behavior

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Motivation
•It may be defined as the complex of forces inspiring a
person at work in an organization to intensify his desire
and willingness to use his potentialities for achievement
of organizational objectives

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Importance of Motivation
•Better utilization of resources
•Better utilization of man power
•Creates good relations with the management
•Increases production and productivity
•Improves skill and knowledge
•Provides better image as a good employer

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Motivation Is Goal Directed
Feed Back
Goal
Satisfaction
Motives
(needs)
Influences
Internal
BehaviorResponse
Incentives
Performance
Feed back
External

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Positive Motivation
•If the workers are working with full satisfaction without
fear of threats, they contribute more and this is called
positive motivation.

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Negative Motivation
•If the workers are under the fear of threats, punishments,
fear of loss of job, they can’t work satisfactorily and
productivity will be minimum and this is called negative
motivation

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Theories of Motivation
They are grouped as
•1) Traditional theories
•2) Modern theories

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Traditional Theories
•According to this theories, authory and control are
centralized
•The line of authority or chain of command traditionally
goes direct from top to down through various levels of
organization
•People at work have no option except to obey the orders
of the authority

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Traditional Theories
•Power is supreme is the main theme of the theory
•The workers have no authority to suggest or object any
thing except to carry out the orders of the authority
•Workers do their work with fear
•Hence this theory has now become outdated

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Types of Traditional Theories
•“Be strong” or “fear and punishment” theory
•Efforts and reward theory (Based on performance)
•“Monistic Theory” or “Effort-Reward-Efforts” Theory
•“Be good” or “Paternalistic Theory” (Based on
satisfaction).

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Modern Theories of Motivation
•According to this theory people at work are not
irresponsible, idle
•They are cautious about organization needs
•This theory is more realistic than traditional theory
•The workers are fully aware of the organizational
objectives which are directly related to the satisfaction
of the employee’s needs

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Types of Modern Theories
Content theories
•1) Maslow's need priority theory
•2) Hertzberg's two-factor theory
•3) Alderfer’s ERG theory
(E: Existence; R: Relations G: Growth)

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Types of Modern Theories (Contd..)
1) Process Theories
•a) Vroom’s expectancy theory
•b) Porter and lawler’s expectancy theory
2) Participation Theories
•a) Mc. Gregor’s X-Y theory

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Motivation

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Douglass Mc. Gregore Theory of Motivation:
Douglass Mc Gregore had forwarded two theories :-
namely Traditional (or) X-theory and Modern (or) Y-
theory.
1) Theory–X Assumes that
•Most people dislike work and will try to avoid it if they can
•Workers are seen as inclined to restrict work out put,
having little ambition, and avoiding responsibility if at all
possible
2) Theory–Y Assumes that
•Management believes that employees will exercise self-
direction and self-control in the service of objectives to
which they are committed.

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THEORY-X THEORY-Y
1. People dislike to work and
will avoid it if possible.
2. People lack responsibility,
have little ambition.
3. Most people must be
controlled and punished to
get them worked.
4. With above assumptions
managerial role is to control
employees.
1. Work is as natural as play
or rest.

2. People are not lazy ,have
ambition to do work
3. People will exercise their
duties with creativity if
proper conditions are
provided.
4. With the above
assumptions managerial
role is develop the potential
in employees.

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Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory
•Maslow has identified Five (5) Types of needs and
stated that they can be arranged in an hierarchy from the
lower level to the higher level depending on their
importance

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1
st
stage
physiological and biological needs (or)
Survival needs.
2
nd
stage
Safety and security needs
3
rd
stage
Social and belonging needs
4
th
stage
Ego and Esteem needs
5
th stage

self fulfillment
needs

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Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory
Physiological (and) Survival needs
•These are the lower level of hierarchy of needs which
must be satisfied to maintain life and are concerned to
human body such as food, water, shelter, clothing, rest,
temperature etc.

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Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory
Safety (or) Security needs
•The needs for protection against danger , threat, stability
etc… are called safety needs.
•Once physiological needs are satisfied , an employee
wants to work in a safe place, protect his health
•He needs security in his job against dismissal by his
employer

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Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory
Social Needs
•Man being a social animal, he wants to move in groups
•Once the lower level needs of survival and safety are
fulfilled, social needs emerge as motivators
•During rest periods, the management, for this reason
only, provides entertainment, frequent picnics, excursion
etc…, which are helpful in motivating the employees

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Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory
Ego (or) Esteem needs
•These are the needs for independence, achievement
competence, knowledge, status, recognition, self respect
etc…,
•Company cars, big offers, personal secretaries, service
awards and prizes motivate the persons to work better

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Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory
Self-Fulfillment needs
•These are the needs for self-actualisation, self-
realisation, personal development, mental and material
growth
•This explains why a sportsman wants to improve his
record
•Is especially important for top level employees, including
managers
•Lack of challenges and job satisfaction are common
reasons why top managers leave their jobs

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Summary
In this class, you have learnt about
•The importance of motivation
•Various motivation theories

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Quiz
1.The technique of cajoling hearts of people to produce
more is called
a)Coordination
b)Motivation
c)Control
d)All of them

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Quiz
2.The process of stimulating people to action to
accomplish desired goals is called
a)Motivation
b)Decision making
c)Communication
d)All

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Quiz
3.If the works are working with full satisfaction with out fear
of threats, loss of job etc. , they contribute more and this
is what is called
a)Negative motivation
b)Controlling
c)Positive motivation
d)All

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Quiz
4.Need priority theory of motivation is propounded by
a)McGregor
b)Maslow
c)Hertzberg
d)Vroom

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Quiz
5.In the hierarchy of need pyramid of Maslow's
motivational model, we have at its apex
a)Security needs
b)Esteem needs
c)Self actualization needs
d)Physiological needs

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Quiz
6.Motivational theory presented by Hertzberg is known
as
a)Need priority theory
b)Dual factor theory
c)X&Y theory
d)None

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Frequently Asked Questions
1.Define motivation
2.What is the importance of motivation?
3.Define the following terms
a) positive motivation b) negative motivation

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Frequently Asked Questions
4.Explain Maslow’s need Hierarchy theory with figure?
5.What is Maslow’s concept of needs?
6.Listout different theories of motivation?