industrial management-control-ppt.pptxbhgbnjb

Electrical engineering Bengaluru

1. what is control in management In management, control refers to the process of monitoring, regulating, and correcting organizational activities to ensure they align with planned objectives and goals. It involves:-- Setting standards: Establishing performance benchmarks and criteria. 2. Measuring performance: Tracking and evaluating actual performance against standards. 3. Comparing performance: Identifying deviations from standards. 4. Taking corrective action: Implementing changes to correct deviations and achieve desired outcomes.

2. Control serves several purposes:--- 1. Ensures goal achievement 2. Minimizes deviations 3. Optimizes resource utilization 4. Enhances accountability 5. Facilitates learning and improvement

3. Types of control:-- 1. Feedforward control (preventive): Taking proactive measures to prevent deviations. 2. Concurrent control (corrective): Taking corrective action during the process. 3. Feedback control (reactive): Evaluating outcomes and taking corrective action after the fact.

4. Control techniques:--- 1. Budgeting 2. Standardization 3. Scheduling 4. Quality control 5. Performance appraisal 6. Auditing effective control ensures organizations stay on track, achieve objectives, and adapt to changes in the internal and external environment.

5. span of control Span of control refers to the number of subordinates or team members that a manager or supervisor can effectively manage and control . It's a critical concept in organizational design and management. Factors influencing span of control:- 1. Manager's skills and experience 2. Subordinates' skills and experience 3. Task complexity and similarity 4. Organizational culture and structure 5. Communication and technology

6. Types of span of control:-- 1 . Narrow span of control : Fewer subordinates (e.g., 3-5) for closer supervision and control. 2. Wide span of control : More subordinates (e.g., 10-20) for broader oversight and delegation.

7. Advantages of narrow span of control: 1. Tighter control and supervision 2. Better communication and feedback 3. Faster decision-making Disadvantages of narrow span of control: 1. Higher management costs 2. Slower response to changes 3. Limited employee autonomy

8. Advantages of wide span of control: 1. Lower management costs 2. Faster response to changes3. Increased employee autonomy Disadvantages of wide span of control: 1. Less control and supervision 2. Poorer communication and feedback 3. Slower decision-making Optimal span of control varies depending on the organization, manager, and team. A balance between control and autonomy is essential for effective management .

9. centralization and decentralization in industrial management. Centralization and decentralization are two organizational structures that differ in the level of decision-making authority and control. Centralization:- Decision-making authority is concentrated at the top level of management. Lower-level managers and employees have limited autonomy. Decisions are made by a few individuals, often in a centralized location .

10. Advantages: - Faster decision-making - Clearer lines of authority - Easier control and coordination Disadvantages: - Limited innovation and creativity - Slow response to local changes - High reliance on top management

11. Decentralization:-- Decision-making authority is distributed throughout the organization. - Lower-level managers and employees have more autonomy. - Decisions are made by multiple individuals, often in different locations. Advantages: - Increased innovation and creativity - Faster response to local changes - Development of management skills Disadvantages: - Slower decision-making - Confusion and conflict - Higher costs

12. Industrial Management Implications:-- Centralization is often used in industries with: -- - High complexity - Low variability - High capital intensity Decentralization is often used in industries with: --- - High variability - Low complexity - High customer interaction

13. Hybrid Approach:-- Many organizations adopt a hybrid approach, combining elements of centralization and decentralization. This allows for:--- Centralized control over strategic decisions Decentralized decision-making for operational and tactical decisions Ultimately, the choice between centralization and decentralization depends on the organization's specific needs, industry, and goals.

14. Delegation of authority Delegation of authority is the process of assigning tasks, responsibilities, and decision-making authority to subordinates or team members. It's an essential management skill that helps :-- 1. Share workload 2. Develop subordinates 3. Increase productivity 4. Improve decision-making 5. Enhance accountability

15. Effective delegation involves:--- 1. Clearly defining tasks and responsibilities 2. Setting goals and expectations 3. Providing necessary resources and support 4. Establishing deadlines and checkpoints 5. Monitoring progress and performance 6. Giving feedback and coaching 7. Recognizing and rewarding achievements

16. Benefits of delegation: 1. Frees up time for strategic tasks 2. Develops subordinates' skills and confidence 3. Improves job satisfaction and engagement 4. Increases productivity and efficiency 5. Enhances organizational flexibility and adaptability

17. Common delegation mistakes: 1. Inadequate communication 2. Lack of clear goals and expectations 3. Insufficient training and support 4. Micromanaging 5. Failing to monitor progress

18. Best practices for effective delegation: 1. Delegate tasks that match subordinates' skills and interests 2. Provide necessary authority and resources 3. Establish clear lines of communication 4. Set realistic deadlines and expectations 5. Monitor progress and provide feedback By delegating authority effectively, managers can empower their team members, increase productivity, and achieve organizational goals .