Industrial Timber.pptx

About timber as a building material

1. CHAPTER : 4 : TIMBER PRODUCT INDUSTRIAL TIMBERS

2. INTRODUCTION TIMBER DENOTES WOOD WHICH IS SUITABLE FOR BUILDING OR CARPENTRY OR VARIOUS OTHER ENIGNEERING PURPOSES . GOOD TIMBER IS SELECTED ON BASIS OF APPERANCE , COLOURS , DEFECTS , ELASITICITY , SHAPE SRUCTURE etc… IN THIS PART , WE GOING TO HAVE DETIALED STUDY ON INDUSTRIAL TIMBER

3. INDUSTRIAL TIMBER THE TIMBER WHICH IS PREPARED SCIENTIFICALLY IN A FACTORY IS TERMED AS INDUSTRIAL TIMBER SUCH TIMBER POSSESSESS DESIRED SHAPE , APPERANCE , STRENGTH etc…. Following are variety of industrial timber : VENEERS PLYWOOD FIBREBOARDS IMPREG BOARD COMPREG BOARD BLOCK BOARD AND LAMIN BOARD GLULAM FLUSHDOOR SHUTTERS PARTICLE BOARDOR CHIP BOARD HARDBOARD

4. VENEERS THESE ARE THIN SHEET OR SLICES OF WOOD OF SUPERIOR QUALITY THICKNESS OF VENEERS VARIES FROM 0.40 mm to 6 mm Veneer is obtained either by "peeling" the trunk of a tree or by slicing large rectangular blocks of wood known as flitches . The appearance of the grain and figure in wood comes from slicing through the growth rings of a tree and depends upon the angle at which the wood is sliced THEY ARE OBTAINED BY ROTATING A LOG OF WOOD AGAINST A SHARP KNIFE OF ROTARY CUTTER ORSAW THE VENEERS AFTER BEING REMOVED ARE DRIED IN KILNS TO REMOVE MOISTURE

5. VENEERS There are a few types of veneers available, each serving a particular purpose: Raw  veneer  Paper backed  veneer Phenolic backed  veneer Laid up  veneer Reconstituted veneer

6. Veneers ADVANTAGES OF THE VENEERS : F urniture made with wood veneer uses less wood than the same piece of furniture made with solid wood. Some projects built using wood veneer would not be possible to construct using solid lumber, owing to expansion and contraction caused by fluctuation of temperature and humidity. USES OF VENEERS : Veneer beading is a thin layer of decorative edging placed around objects, such as jewellery boxes. Veneer is also used to replace decorative papers in Wood Veneer HPL. Veneer is also a type of manufactured board.

7. VENNERS

8. PLYWOODS The meaning of term ply is a thin layer . The plywood are boards which are prepared from thin layer of wood or venners The three or more veneers in odd numbers are placed one above the other with the direcation of grains of successive layers at right angles to each other When it glued pressure should be appied on veneers. For hot pressure , hydradulic press is used . Temp : 150-261 degree c For coldpressurse , pressure applied on plywood varies from o.70 to 1.40 N/mm 2

9. Plywoods STRUCTURAL CHARACTERS OF PLYWOOD : A typical plywood panel has face veneers of a higher grade than the core veneers. The principal function of the core layers is to increase the separation between the outer layers where the bending stresses are highest. Bending stress decreases from the maximum at the face layers to nearly zero at the central layer.   Shear stress, by contrast, is higher in the center of the panel, and zero at the outer fibers .

10. PLYWOODS SIZES OF PLYWOOD : The most commonly used thickness range is from 0.14 to 3.0 in (0.36 to 7.6 cm). The sizes of the most commonly used plywood sheets are 4 by 8 ft (1.2 by 2.4 m) or 3 by 6 ft (0.91 by 1.8 m). Width and length may vary in 1 ft (30 cm) increments. In the United States, the most commonly used size is 4 ft by 8 ft or 5 ft by 5 ft. Sizes on specialised plywood for concrete forming range from 6 to 21 mm, and a multitude of formats exist, though 15x750x1500mm is very commonly used.

11. PLYWOODS The plywood are available in different commercial forms such as BATTENBOARD LAMINBOARD MEATAL FACED PLYWOOD MULTIPLY THREE-PLY VENEERED PLYWOOD The plywood is also classified on basis of purpose SOFTWOOD PLYWOOD HARDWOOD PLYWOOD TROPICAL PLYWOOD AIRCRAFT PLYWOOD MARNINE PLYWOOD FLEXIABLE PLYWOOD SPECIAL PURPOSE PLY WOOD DECRORATIVE PLYWOOD

12. PLYWOOD APPLICATION OF PLYWOOD Plywood is used in many applications that need high-quality, high-strength sheet material. Exterior glued plywood is suitable for outdoor use, but because moisture affects the strength of wood, optimal performance is achieved in end uses where the wood's moisture content remains relatively low. Plywood is also used as an engineering material for stressed-skin applications. Plywood is often used to create curved surfaces because it can easily bend with the grain. Skateboard ramps often utilize plywood as the top smooth surface over bent curves to create transition that can simulate the shapes of ocean waves.

13. PLYWOOD

14. FIBRE BOARD These are rigid boards and they are also known as the pressed wood or reconstructed wood The thickness varies from 3mm to 12mmm Length : 3m to 4.50 m Width 1.20 m to 1.80 m Weight limits are 9600N/m3 TO 500 N/m2 Fibreboard  is a type of engineered wood product that is made out of wood fibres . Types of fibreboard (in order of increasing density) include particle board, medium-density fibreboard, and hardboard. Fibreboard is sometimes used as a synonym for particle board, but particle board usually refers to low-density fibreboard.

15. Fibreboard MANUFACTURE PROCESS OF FIBRE BOARDS: DEBARKING CHIPPING PULPING THE BLOWLINE MAT FORMATION PRESSING FINISHING

16. FIBREBOARDS

17. FIBRE BOARDS DEPENDING UPON FORM AND COMPOSITION , THE FIBREBOARD ARE CLASSIFIED AS INSULATING BOARD MEDIUM HARD BOARD HARD BOARDS SUPER HARD BOARD AND LAMINATED  Different uses and applications include: sound proofing/deadening, structural sheathing, low-slope roofing, sound deadening flooring underlayment,

18. FIBRE BOARDS APPLICATION OF FIBRE BOADRS: Fibreboard is often used to make furniture or cabinets. It is an excellent material for veneering, but also has a smooth surface that holds paint well. Some homeowners may use fibreboard panels in the home in place of drywall, or in any other application that calls for a hardboard wood product. This material is not recommended for use in exterior applications because it is vulnerable to moisture and humidity.

19. FIBRE BOARDS

20. IMPREG TIMBER The timber which is fully or partly covered with resin is know as the impreg timber Resin used : phenol formaldehyde Timber which has been made flame-resistant, fungi-resistant, or insect-proof by forcing into it under vacuum or pressure a flame retardant or a fungal or insect poison. Trade names of impreg timber formica sungloss sunmica

21. Impreg boards Manufacturing process of impreg timbers are The venners or thin strip of woods are taken and they are immersed in resin The resin fills the space gaps in the wood It is curved at temperature about 150 degree c to 160 degree c

22. Impreg timbers Classification impreg timber and their uses: Class A, EN 351 P8/HC4 - impregnation chemical Tanalith E. Use in contact with land, water and concrete. Fence posts, power poles and transmission lines, bridges, boat fabrications, concrete constructions, railway sleepers, and various other weather influenced timber structures. Class AB; P8/HC3 EN 351 - impregnation chemical Tanalith E. Use of land and without water. The terrace tables, boat bridges, scaffolds, weatherboard, wooden, gazebo, noise barriers, handrails, fence boards, garden furniture, children's playground. Tanalith E concentration in the timber is below the Class A.

23. Impreg boards Advantages of impreg boards : Not affected by moisture and weather condition Strong and durable More electrical insulation Decent apperaance Resists acidic effects Free from pests and insects

24. IMPREG BOARDS

25. COMPREG BOARD Processed wood whose cells are impregnated with a resin and compressed, to reduce shrinking and swelling and to increase density and strength. This wood is called as compreg timber The process of preparing compreg timbers is same as the that of impreg timber except that curing is carried out under pressure . The strength and durability of compreg timber are more as compared impreg timber The sp. Gravity od compreg timber is 1.30 to 1.35

26. Compreg timber Appilication of compreg timber :  Moulds for molding techniques like, injection molding , blow molding , transfer molding rotational molding , casting, patterns, profiles, extrude, die etc. used for making boxes for the heavy equipments, electrical transformers, fish storage boxes, marine decks & cabins etc. Compreg plywood can be used for manufacturing of pallets for industrial application and railway berths & seats etc.

27. Compreg timber

28. Block boards Block boards are boards having a core made up of strips of wood , each not exceeding 25 mm in width The edges are glued togather to form a sheet which is finished with one or two cross bonded veneers Block board is composed of a core of softwood strips (up to about 25mm wide) placed edge to edge and sandwiched between veneers of hardwood, the 'sandwich' is then bonded under high pressure. block boards are made in moisture resistant & boiling water resistant grade. The wooden battens are seasoned in scientifically run seasoning kiln plants and then get plain with the four sider precision plainer to obtain the uniform thickness of battens. These battens are systematically arranged and care is taken to avoid any gap between the battens. Regular test are conducted to maintain the quality of block boards as per relevant standards.

29. Block board Sizes : Blockboard is sold in sheets of 2440 x 1220mm and are normally 30mm thick. Block board has a good resistance to warping if both sides are left natural or painted/papered. If only one side is finished, then surface tensions build up which will cause the sheet into a bend. Application Furniture, Kitchen Cabinets, Partitions, Exteriors uses, Bank Counters, Ship Counters, Ship Cabinets, Wardrobes Construction, Packing

30. Lamin board When thickness of core strips does not exceed 7 mm , such boards are called as lamin boards Laminboard , also commonly known as lumberboard , joinery board or blockboard , consists of a central layer of edge-glued battens of between 24 and 30 mm width, covered on both sides with a facing veneer. 5-ply blockboard /5-ply lumber-core has a double-layer of veneer on each face for added strength.  Laminboard is a higher-grade variant of blockboard in which the central core consists of thinner 5-8mm battens or veneer arranged 'on edge'. 

31. LAMIN BOARDS Applications - Funiture - Shop fitting - Interior finishing - Office - Wall cladding - Ship interiors  - Theater stages - Motor manufacture

32. LAMIN BOARDS

33. GLULAM IT means glued and laminated wood It is not made of veneers but with solid wood Glued laminated timber , also called  Glulam , is a type of structural timber product comprising a number of layers of dimensioned timber bonded together with durable, moisture-resistant structural adhesives   Glulam is readily produced in curved shapes and it is available in a range of species and appearance characteristics to meet varied end-use requirements . Connections are usually made with bolts or plain steel dowels and steel plates.

34. GLULAM   Glulam provides the strength and versatility of large wood members without relying on the old growth-dependent solid-sawn timbers.  It reduces the overall amount of wood used when compared to solid sawn timbers by diminishing the negative impact of knots and other small defects in each component board.   Glulam can be manufactured to a variety of straight and curved configurations so it offers architects artistic freedom without sacrificing structural requirements

35. GLUMAN Manufacturing process : timber section are first dried in the kiln machined to form interlocking v – cut across the width suitable glues are appiled and forced togather under longitudinal pressure , while glue curls

36. glulam

37. FLUSH DOOR SHUTTERS IN MODERN TRENDS , FACTORY MADE FLUSH DOOR SHUTTER HAVE BECAME POPLUAR FOR INTERIOR WORK . THEY ARE AVAILABLE IN THICKNESS OF 25mm, 30mm, OR 3mm Flush Door: Flush Doors are also a kind of block board which is used to make door panels and differ in sizes according to the size of door.

38. Flush door shutters SALIENT FEATURES: Manufacture in strict adherence to IS:2202:1991 Bonded with UPF Synthetic Resin adhesive to make it Boiling Water Proof. Hot Pressed, Treated with chemical Preservatives like Copper, Chromium & Arsenic for better resistance to termite attack. Hardwood Frame-cum Internal Lipping . Blockboard Construction, Dimensionally stable & study.

39. Flush door shutter Magnus flush door are assembled with hard wood which is known for its load bearing capacity. Full size frames are used for better strength. Both side lock rails are provided for sufficient strength to the handles and knobs.  All core, battens and frames are treated with special chemical, which makes the door stable in case of borer and termite attack. BWP grade PF resin is used during manufacturing which provide long life to doors in any climate.

40. Flush door shutter Application : Ideal for external a well as internal door shutter for all types of building, residence, office, nursing home, auditoriums, classrooms, hotels, schools, colleges, barracks, hospitals etc. Different types of flush door shutters are available in the market celluar core type Hollow core type Block board core type Particle or mdf board core type

41. Fush door shutter

42. Particle board Particle board , also known as  particleboard  and  chipboard , is an engineered wood product manufactured from wood chips, sawmill shavings, or even saw dust, and a synthetic resin or other suitable binder, which is pressed and extruded. Particleboard is a composite material. Particleboard is cheaper, denser and more uniform than conventional wood and plywood and is substituted for them when appearance and strength are less important than cost.

43. Particle board Manufacturing process wooden particles or rise husk , embedded in resin and subjected to heat with pressure . These boards are manufacturing by extrusion pressing or pressing in parallel plates Four types of particle board : FLAT PRESSED SINGLE LAYER BOARD FLAT PRESSED THREE LAYER BOARD EXTRUSION PRESSED SOLID BOARD EXTRUSION PRESSED TUBULAR CORE

44. PARTICLE BOARDS Particle board is inexpensive and versatile making it a great product for many industries. Particle board can be covered in a veneer so that it can be visible. The following article will share with you the best uses for particle board. Making Furniture Cabinets Home Accents Flooring  Roofing Insulation Sound Deadening

45. PARTICLE BOARDS

46. HARD BOARDS Hardboard , also called  high-density fiberboard  ( HDF ), not to be confused with 'hardwood', is a type of fibreboard, which is an engineered woodproduct It is similar to particle board and medium-density fiberboard, but is denser and much stronger and harder because it is made out of exploded wood fibers that have been highly compressed Hardboard is produced in either a wet or dry process. The wet process leaves only one smooth side while the dry processed hardboard is smooth on both sides.

47. Hard board Perforated hardboard, also called pegboard, is tempered hardboard that has a uniform array of 1/8" or 1/4" holes in it, into which tool-hanging hooks or store fixtures can be placed. It is used in construction, flooring, furniture, home appliances, automobiles and cabinetry, and is popular among acrylic and oil painters as a painting surface due to its economical price (though it must be coated with gesso or canvas before use). Hardboard has often been used as the surface material in clipboards, especially older models. It is also used as the final layer in many skateboard ramps and the half-pipe.

48. Hard board