Infant and baby foods

Infant and baby foods

1. INFANT AND BABY FOODS PRESENTED BY AKHILESH GOYAL 1300482003

2. INTRODUCTION The nutrition of a population is both an outcome and an indicator of national development. Nutrition is an issue of survival, health and development for current and succeeding generation. Baby formula is a synthetic version of mothers' milk and belongs to a class of materials known as dairy substitutes. Early 1990s, infant formula was sold only as a pharmaceutical product. WHO, recommend that babies be completely breastfed for the first six months and is continue until at least the beginning of the child's second year.

3. INFANT FOOD Nutrition are most important as growth rate in human being is maximum during the first year of life. Infant feeding practice comprising of both the breast feeding as well as complementary feeding. The INDIAN government adopted a national code for protection and promotion of breast feeding in 1983.

4. Infant formula Infant formula is a manufactured food designed and marketed for feeding to babies and infants under 12 months of age, usually prepared for bottle-feeding or cup-feeding from powder (mixed with water) or liquid (with or without additional water). Manufacturers state that the composition of infant formula is designed to be roughly based on a human mother's milk. The most commonly used infant formulas contain purified cow's milk whey and casein as a protein source, a blend of vegetable oils as a fat source, lactose as a carbohydrate source, a vitamin-mineral mix, and other ingredients depending on the manufacturer.

5. Milk based formulas Containing milk components such as casein or whey protein. These formulas typically start with cow milk as a base. This type of formula is fortified with extra nutritional elements.

6. Animal or vegetable fat based formulas Containing vegetable and/or milK components. Formula made with vegetable derived milk or a limited amount of cow's milk derived components. Most vegetable derived formulas are soybean based.

7. Non-milk based formulas Containing no milk components. These are the formulas for infants who have a strong sensitivity to both cow's and soy milk. Formulas are available in three forms: powder, liquid concentrate, and ready-to-feed. Powder and liquid concentrate are less expensive but they require mixing/dilution prior to use. Ready-to-feed is the most expensive type but requires no mixing before use.

8. Use of infant formula In some cases, breastfeeding is medically contraindicated. These include: Mother's health: The mother is infected with HIV or has active tuberculosis. She is extremely ill or has had certain kinds of breast surgery, which may have removed or disconnected all milk-producing parts of the breast. She is taking any kind of drug that could harm the baby, including both prescription drugs such as cytotoxic chemotherapy for cancer treatments as well as illicit drugs. Baby is unable to breastfeed: The child has a birth defect or inborn error of metabolism such as galactosemia that makes breastfeeding difficult or impossible.

9. Baby is considered at risk for malnutrition: In certain circumstances infants may be at risk for malnutrition, such as due to iron deficiency, vitamin deficiencies. Absence of the mother Food allergies: The mother eats foods that may provoke an allergic reaction in the infant.

10. APPROPRIATE INFANT AND YOUNG CHILD FEEDING PRACTICE BREAST FEEDING : Is an unequally way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infant. COMPLEMENTRY FEEDING : Is given from six month of age , to meet the growing need of the growing baby. FIRST FOOD FOR BABY : The stable cereal of the family should be given . 2/1/2017 10

11. TRADITIONAL FOOD FOR INFANTS : Traditional food are different for different part of country like khichidi , daliya ,sujii, kheer etc. MODIFIED FAMILY FOOD : Is one of the effective way of ensuring complementary feed. INSTANT INFANT FOOD : Food can be made at home from food grains available in the household. These can be stored and frequently feeding of infant. 7. PROTECTIVE FOOD : Green vegetable, carrot etc are important to ensure vitamin A and iron status of the child. 2/1/2017 11

12. The most commonly used infant formulas contain Purified cow's milk  whey  and  casein   as a   protein  source . A blend of  vegetable oils  as a fat source.  Lactose  as a  carbohydrate  source. Vitamin -mineral mix . 2/1/2017 12

13. WEANING/BABY FOOD Baby food is any soft, easily consumed food, other than breastmilk or infant formula, that is made specifically for babies. Weaning food plays a vital role in the all-round growth, development and mental health of children. In developing countries, cereals (wheat, oat, milt and sorghum) and legumes (soy and Bengal gram) are commonly u sed.

14. Weaning means introducing a range of foods gradually u ntil baby is eating the same foods as the rest of your family. Around six months baby needs more than milk alone and is able to eat solid foods in addition to formula milk. Weaning is when a baby transitions from breast milk to other sources of nourishment.

15. Deciding When to Wean At 6 months of age WHO recognize complementary feeding initiated and Supplementary to breast milk started. Less milk output (malnourished mother). underweight child initiate wean early (at 5 months of age). Continue breast feeding (frequency and amount reduce). 2/1/2017 15

16. 2/1/2017 16

17. 2/1/2017 17

18. WEANING AGE OF CONSUMPTION REMARK BREAST FEED 0-6 MONTH - SEMI -LIQUID AFTER 5-6 MONTH EASY TO DIGEST, SMOOTH AND GENTLY ON BABY STOMACH SEMI-SOLID AFTER 8-9 MONTH BABY NOW NEED FOOD WITH TASTE AND TEXTURE SEMI-SOLID AFTER 10 MONTH BABY NOW NEEDS FOOD THAT SATISFY HIS URGE TO CHEW COMPLEX FOOD SOLID DIET 1-1.2 YEAR INCLUDE VARIETY OF FOOD ITEM ESSENTIALLY FOLLOW THE SEQUENCE 2/1/2017 18

19. CONCLUSION This study reveals that infant food is crucial for baby development . Introduction of new food at right time will help baby develop and grow into healthy child. The weaning formulations in the present study are based on commonly consumed, low-cost food materials locally-available in market. There is need to have maximum utilization of commonly available cheap cereals and legumes to formulate weaning foods. One of such infant complementary food or weaning food is made from a combination of rice, wheat and beans.