Infant/Baby milk formulas, Growing-up milk toddler milk

Infant/Baby milk formulas

1. Infant /Baby milk formulas 1

2. introduction Infant formula ,  baby formula , or simply  formula  ( American English ); or  baby milk  or  infant milk  ( British English ), I s a  manufactured food  designed and  marke ted  for feeding to babies and  infants  under 12 months of age, U sually prepared for  bottle -feeding or cup-feeding from powder (mixed with water) or liquid (with or without additional water).

3. D efinition by FFDCA The U.S.  Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act  (FFDCA) defines infant formula as : "a food which aims to be or is represented for special dietary use solely as a food for infants by reason of its simulation of  human milk  or its suitability as a complete or partial substitute for human milk"

4. The most commonly used infant formulas contain: P u r ifi e d co w 's m i lk w h e y and c asein as a protein source. A blend of vegetable oils as a fat source. Lactose as a carbohydrate source. Vitamin -mineral mix. Other i n g redi e nts dependi n g o n t he manufacturer . Composition

5. P roteins : plain cow's milk is unsuited for infants because of its high casein content and low whey content, A nd untreated cow’s milk is not recommended before the age of 12 months. So cow's milk used for formula undergoes processing to be made into infant formula. This includes steps to make protein more easily digestible and alter the whey -to- casein protein balance to one closer to human milk. Composition

6. Composition Fat: the partial or total replacement of dairy fat with fats of vegetable or marine origin. Carbohydrates: in most cow's milk-based formulas, lactose is the main source of carbohydrates present .

7. Dates Events 1867 A formula containing wheat flour, cow's milk, malt flour, and potassium bicarbonate was developed. 1915 A powder form of infant formula was introduced, containing cow's milk, lactose, oleo oils, and vegetable oils. 1929 Soy formula was introduced. 1935 Protein was added because it was believed cow's milk protein content was lower than human milk protein content. 1959 Iron fortification was introduced due to large amount of iron defficiency . 1962 The whey : casein ratio was made similar to human milk because producers were aware that human milk contains a higher ratio of whey protein, and cow's milk contains a higher ratio of casein. Early 2000 Polyunsaturated fatty acid fortification was introduced. Omega 3 and Omega 6 were added because those fatty acids play an important role in infant brain development. Probiotics and prebiotics were added. Lysozyme and Lactoferrin were added. Both have antimicrobial activity. Compared to human milk, cow’s milk has a signifactly lower levels of lysozyme and lactoferrin; therefore, the industry has an increasing interest in adding them into infant formulas.

8. Which is better, breastfeeding or formula-feeding? Human milk is the preferred feeding for all infants. Pediatricians generally advise that full-term, healthy infants exclusively breastfeed when possible for the first 12 months of life and, thereafter, for as long as mutually desired. Advantages of breastfeeding include breast milk is nutritionally sound and easy to digest; breastfeeding is believed to enhance a close mother-child relationship; breast milk contains infection-fighting antibodies (immunoglobulins) that may reduce the frequency of diarrhea, gastroenteritis otitis media, and other respiratory infections in the infant; and breast milk leads to cost savings and is convenient .

9. Breastfeeding or formula-feeding?

10. What about enhanced infant formula? Some infant formulas are enhanced with docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) and arachidonic acid ( ARA ). These are omega-3 fatty acids found in breast milk and certain foods, such as fish and eggs. Some studies suggest that including DHA and ARA in infant formula can help infant eyesight and brain development . In addition, many infant formulas include pre- and probiotics — substances that promote the presence of healthy bacteria in the intestines — in an effort to mimic the immune benefits of breast milk. In addition to the core ingredients, some formulas contain extra ingredients, These include LCPs (long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids), nucleotides and prebiotics . Some formulas have an additional prebiotic ingredient Oligosaccharides, which are often referred to as FOS/GOS

11. Types of formula milk Commercial infant formulas are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Three major types are available: Cow milk protein-based formulas . Most infant formula is made with cow's milk that's been altered to resemble breast milk. This gives the formula the right balance of nutrients — and makes the formula easier to digest. Most babies do well on cow's milk formula. Some babies, however — such as those allergic to the proteins in cow's milk — need other types of infant formula.

12. Cow’s milk-based formula Most baby formula milks are based on modified cow's milk Which is recommended over other types of formulas for most babies The protein in milk can be broken down into curds (casein) and whey Casein is lumpy and whey is watery The ratio of casein to whey can vary according to the type of baby formula milk.

13. There are two main types of Modified cow milk formula : 1. First-stage formula : These milks are based mostly on whey, with a casein: whey ratio of 40:60, which is about the same as breastmilk. They are suitable for your baby from birth up to about a year, and are thought to be easier for baby to digest than casein-based milks. 2. Second-stage, follow-on or hungry-baby formula : This milk consist of mostly casein, with casein:whey ratio of 80:20. Manufacturers claim that the higher casein content means the milk takes longer to digest, keeping the baby fuller for longer.

14. Soy-based formulas Soy formulas are derived from soy protein and can be used as a substitute for human (breast) and cow's milk-based formulas Soy infant formula products are intended for babies under 12 months old. These products account for 12% of the formula market Soy-based formulas can be useful if you want to exclude animal proteins from your child's diet. Soy-based infant formulas might also be an option for babies who are intolerant or allergic to cow's milk formula or to lactose , a carbohydrate naturally found in cow's milk. However, babies who are allergic to cow's milk might also be allergic to soy milk.

15. W hy It ’s used ?? Soy formula may be a good choice for infants living in vegan or vegetarian families or for those with: Galactosemia , a condition in which an infant is unable to break down the sugar galactose Primary lactase deficiency , a rare hereditary condition in which a baby is born without the enzyme lactase, which is required to digest the sugar lactose Secondary lactase deficiency, a temporary lactose intolerance, usually caused by an infection that affects the gastrointestinal tract Families who are  vegetarian  or vegan The vitamin D in soy formula is generally sourced from lanolin, so soy formulas aren’t purely vegan, but they are likely as close as you can get to a vegan or plant-based infant formula .

16. Soy Formula vs. Soy Milk Soy formula and soy milk are entirely different products. Soy formula is made of soy protein and other ingredients specifically designed to meet an infant’s nutritional needs. Soy milk , on the other hand, is made of soybeans and filtered water. It does not contain the necessary ingredients to meet an infant’s nutritional needs and should never be used as a substitute for breast milk or formula for a baby younger than a year old. For toddlers,  soy milk  is sometimes used as an alternate milk source. Whole milk is recommended for toddlers between 12 and 23 months of age because it contains the fat toddlers require for growth. It’s important to remember that soy milk does not have the equivalent amount of fat per serving as whole cow’s milk (4 grams of fat to cow’s milk’s 8 grams)  If you do give your toddler a reduced-fat milk, such as soy milk, be sure to make up for that missed fat in other parts of your child's diet .

17. When to Avoid Soy Formula Soy formula is not recommended unless a baby has a rare health condition or a family is strictly vegetarian or vegan. In addition, soy formula is not recommended for some specific situations. Avoid soy baby formula for: Colic or fussiness, since the switch will likely not be helpful A cow's milk protein allergy, because many infants who have a cow's milk allergy are also allergic to soy proteins and would benefit more from drinking an extensively  hydrolyzed protein  formula instead A high risk for food allergies, since soy is among the most common allergens Premature babies, since soy formula can lead to decreased bone mineralization, even when babies are given supplemental calcium Unless there is a good reason to start your baby on soy formula if you stop breastfeeding before your baby is 12 months old or need to supplement, it is best to start with a cow's milk-based formula rather than soy formula.

18. Goats' milk formula Different kinds of goats' milk formula are available in the shops. They are produced to the same nutritional standards as cow's milk-based formula. Goats' milk formula is not less likely to cause allergies in babies than cows' milk formula.

19. C ontinue .. Goat milk based formula contains a blend of essential nutrients, I ncluding protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals (including iron), that are necessary for a baby’s growth and development. Goat milk formula is safe for newborns – A   recent study  showed that goat milk formula for newborns worked just as well as breastmilk when it came to growth and safety . Goat milk infant formula may be recommended for babies who are allergic to cow’s milk or who have difficulty digesting it, A s goat’s milk is considered to be more easily digestible than cow’s milk for some babies. B ut it’s not solely meant for babies with sensitive digestive systems, as it’s not a hypoallergenic formula and is formulated for all babies.

20. Ideal Goat’s Milk Formula Ingredients ✅  Ideally organic, or at least Non-GMO.  If the milk is imported from the EU or NZ that’s even better, because you end up with higher standards for the treatment of animals and the processing of milk. ✅  Primary carbohydrate is lactose.  No syrup solids, sugar, glucose syrup, maltodextrin, or other added sugars used. ✅  60:40 whey:casein ratio.  Breastmilk has a 60:40 whey to casein ratio, so it’s ideal for formulas to mimic this same ratio to avoid digestion issues, constipation, gas, discomfort in babies. Goat milk naturally has a 20:80 whey casein ratio, so many goat milk formulas will also end up with that same ratio. Breast milk contains more whey than casein – and goat milk contains much more casein than whey – so a formula that adds goat whey protein will be easier for babies to digest. An alternative is for formulas like Jovie which don’t have a whey:casein ratio that matches breastmilk to add other ingredients like healthy fats and prebiotics that aids in digestion. ✅  Addition of Omega 3 & 6 fatty acids (DHA/ARA).  For healthy brain development, and to match what’s naturally found in breastmilk .

21. CONTINUE... ✅  Prebiotics added.  For gut health, as well as immune system support. Ideally, probiotics are added as well, but you can also supplement with probiotics for formulas that don’t contain it (but it’s much harder to supplement with prebiotics for infants). ✅  No highly processed ingredients.  This includes: carrageenan, soy protein (soybean oil is ok), no nutrients extracted with hexane (this applies to DHA, but also any other nutrients added to the formula), etc. ✅  Easy to mix, babies tolerate it well  (based on parent reviews). ✅  Gluten free . Most formulas are already naturally gluten free, but it’s important for the manufacturing facilities the formulas are produced in to not have any cross contamination issues as well.

22. Ingredients To Avoid In Goat Formula ❌  Synthetic DHA and ARA:  DHA and ARA is naturally found in breast milk. When added to a formula it is often extracted using hexane. DHA and ARA that are extracted using a different process is preferred.  ❌  GMOs:  Look for formulas that are certified non-GMO. If you buy an organic formula, it is automatically non-GMO. GMOs are concerning because they are genetically engineered crops that are made to be resistant to glyphosate / roundup – the residue of which can end up in food. ❌  Carrageenan:  This ingredient has been banned in Europe but is still used in formulas in the US. It is know to cause inflammation in the intestines. ❌  Soy   or Soy based products:  Too much soy given to infants can lead to  health complications  in the future. ❌  Palm Oil:  Palm oil is in most US formulas. It is not environmentally friendly, and can cause digestive issues in some babies.

23. Anti-reflux (staydown) formula Food for special medical purposes. For the dietary management of reflux and regurgitation Suitable from birth to 12 months. This formula should be used under medical supervision. " This type of formula is thickened with the aim of preventing reflux in babies (when babies bring up milk during or after a feed )”

24. What is Reflux? Reflux affects over 40% of babies in the first year of life. Reflux often occurs because a baby’s digestive system is immature Anti-Reflux  is a nutritionally complete formula for the dietary management of babies with significant reflux (regurgitation/spitting up). It can be used as the sole source of nutrition from birth in place of your usual formula feed and can be mixed with foods once weaning has begun. You may notice a change in baby’s stool when changing to Anti-Reflux. This is due to the different ingredients and is normal

25. Lactose-free formula Lactose-free baby formula is a cow’s milk-based formula made for infants who have trouble digesting lactose . This means they can't absorb lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. Lactose intolerance Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, wind, and bloating.

26. Hydrolysed-protein formula If the baby is diagnosed as being allergic to cows' milk, the appropriate infant formula is fully hydrolyzed (broken down) proteins. There are two versions of hydrolyzed milk available: fully hydrolyzed formula partially hydrolyzed formula Fully hydrolyzed formula is specially designed for babies with an allergy or intolerance to cow's milk. Partially hydrolyzed formula ( Comfort formula) This type of formula milk is made completely from whey protein. It is marketed as being easier to digest, and as suitable for babies suffering from colic, wind, and stomach pain. They are also sometimes promoted as being good for babies with allergies.

27. Good night milk Some follow-on formula has cereal added to it and is sold as a special formula for babies to have at bedtime. This type of formula isn't needed, and there's no evidence that babies settle better or sleep longer after having it. Good night formula should never be given to babies under six months old.

28. Growing-up milk toddler milk Growing-up and toddler milks are marketed as an alternative to whole cows' milk for toddlers and children aged over one. Whole cows' milk is a suitable choice as a main drink for your child from age one. Semi-skimmed cows' milk is a suitable main drink for children over two who are eating a balanced diet. It's recommended that all children aged six months to five years have vitamin drops containing vitamins A, C and D every day.